درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Aim: The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of schema therapy based on mentality in reducing feelings of loneliness and depression, as well as improving self-concept, among single women over 40 years of age in Khorramabad. Methods: This study employed a semi-experimental design with pre-test and post-test measurements, including experimental and control groups. The statistical population consisted of all single women over the age of 40 who had never been married as of 2022. A random sampling method was used to select 30 participants. The instruments used for data collection included the UCLA Loneliness Scale, the Beck Depression Inventory, and the Beck Self-Concept Scale. The intervention consisted of schema therapy based on mentality. Results: The results from both multivariate and univariate analysis of covariance indicated that the schema therapy based on mentality had a significant impact on reducing feelings of loneliness and depression and improving self-concept (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, it can be concluded that schema therapy based on mentality effectively reduces feelings of loneliness and depression while enhancing the self-concept of single women.

Aim: The present study aimed to compare the effectiveness of Mindfulness-Based Relationship Enhancement (MBRE) and Emotion Focused (EFT) therapies on marital satisfaction and intimacy in couples with low self-disclosure. Method: This research was a semi-experimental study with a pre-test, post-test, and follow-up design with experimental and control groups. The statistical population of the research included all the couples who referred to the counseling centers of Kermanshah, Iran, in 2022-2023 who had a low level of self-disclosure. 30 couples were selected by convenience sampling method and randomly replaced in two experimental and control groups. The first experimental group underwent MBRE (eight 90-minute couple sessions) and the second experimental group EFT intervention (nine 90-minute couple sessions). The control group did not receive any intervention. The Marital Self-Disclosure (Waring et al. 1998), the short form of the Marital Satisfaction (Favers and Olson, 1993) and the Intimacy (Walker and Thompson, 1983) scales were used for collecting the data. Results: The results of Analysis of Variance with repeated measures (Mixed Model) showed that both interventions increased marital satisfaction and intimacy (p<0.01) and this effect was maintained during the follow-up period. Also, findings indicated that there is a significant difference between MBRE and EFT therapies; MBRE has been more effective in increasing marital satisfaction and intimacy than EFT (p<0.05). Conclusion: MBRE has been more effective than the EFT on solving the marital satisfaction and intimacy due to the involvement of couples in mind-body relationship and mental self-awareness. Therefore, this treatment is suggested to marital counselors.

Aim: The purpose of this study was to predict academic enthusiasm based on social adequacy and parenting styles, considering the mediating role of social support in students. Method: In terms of the purpose of this research, it is of an applied type and in terms of data collection methods, it is of a descriptive correlational type. The statistical population in this research includes all the high school students of the 2nd district of Ardabil. the statistical sample of the research also includes 368 students (172 girls and 196 boys) of high schools in the 2nd district of Ardabil. They are selected by stratified sampling method. Research questionnaires include; The social support questionnaire (Vaux et al., 1986), the 30-question parenting style questionnaire (Baumrinds, 1973), the academic enthusiasm scale (Fredericks et al., 2004) and the social adequacy questionnaire (Fellner et al., 1990) were used, and the validity and reliability have been proven by psychologists and professors in this field. SPSS-16 software, Pearson's correlation method and multiple linear regression analysis were used to check the correlation between variables. Findings: The findings indicate that the mediating role of social support in the relationship between academic enthusiasm and social adequacy and parenting styles of students is positive and significant (P < 0.001). Conclusion: According to the findings, it can be said that social adequacy and parenting styles can predict students' academic enthusiasm due to the presence of social support.

Aim: This qualitative study investigates the challenges faced by women with a history of parental divorce in their marriages. It aims to uncover the emotional, psychological, and relational difficulties stemming from parental divorce and their impact on marital dynamics. Method: Utilizing conventional content analysis, this study conducted semi-structured interviews with sixteen women from Qom Province during winter and summer of 2024 year, who had experienced parental divorce and are in their first marriages. Participants were selected through purposive sampling. Data collection involved recording and transcribing interviews, followed by coding and thematic analysis to identify recurring themes. Findings: The findings indicated six main categories: 1. Unresolved Past Painful Emotions, 2. Marital hurdles of Being a Child of Divorce, 3. Persistent Psychological Insecurity, 4. Deficiency in Skills Due to the Absence of Successful Life Models, 5. The Enduring Echoes of Parental Divorce, and 6. Growth After Experiencing the Trauma of Parental Divorce. Conclusion: Parental divorce profoundly impacts individuals' emotional and psychological well-being, influencing various aspects of their marital lives. The study highlights the need for targeted interventions to address these challenges, emphasizing mental health support and life skills training. Future research should explore gender differences, partner perspectives, and cross-cultural variations to develop comprehensive strategies for improving the marital experiences of individuals with a history of parental divorce.

Aim: This study was conducted with the aim of effecting of dialectical behavior therapy in reducing negative perfectionism in perfectionist girls. Method: In this research, a quantitative single-subject test method with an A-B baseline was used. A statistical sample of 3 students aged 16-19 years old, from teenage girls, were selected by a purposive sampling method, through interviews, and Frost's perfectionism questionnaire (1990). Based on 3 baseline plans, the intervention was started. After performing three baseline measures, the intervention phase started with the implementation of dialectical behavior therapy. In the intervention phase, dialectical behavior therapy instruction was held with a preliminary session and 10 weekly one-hour therapy sessions, and skills related to research were taught. Finding: The analysis of the findings using graphical analysis showed that dialectical behavior therapy was effective in reducing the negative perfectionism of perfectionist girls. Conclusion: The results of the research indicated that dialectical behavior therapy is effective in reducing the negative perfectionism of teenagers. Therefore, it is suggested that the dialectical behavior therapy method be used for teenagers.

Aim: The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the mediating role of addiction to social networks in the relationship between body image dissatisfaction and depression. Method: The current research was a correlational and structural equation type. The statistical population of the research included all male and female undergraduate, master's and doctoral students of Gilan University who were studying in 1400-1401. 304 people were selected by random sampling method and answered questionnaires of addiction to mobile based social networks (AMQBSN), dissatisfaction with body image (BICI) and depression (BDI-II). Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling with SPSS-27 and SMART-PLS-3 statistical software. Finding: The results of structural equations showed that body dissatisfaction has a direct and significant effect on depression. Also, addiction to social networks has a direct effect on depression. Addiction to social networks plays a mediating role in the relationship between body image dissatisfaction and depression. Result: As a result, the value of the goodness of fit (GOF) is equal to 0/24 which, by comparing it with acceptable values for GOF, shows the average fit of the model. According to the results of the present study, the expansion of the use of social networks, especially among students, has provided a platform for addiction, which increases dissatisfaction with body image, which leads to depression.

Aim: The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the relationship between the uses of harmful smartphones and externalizing problems with the mediating role of self-control in a sample of self-harming teenagers. Methods: The research method was descriptive-correlation type. The statistical population of the study included all teenage boys and girls of Yazd city were between July and October in 2022-23 in Yazd, Iran. Researchers selected clinics based on convenience methods and randomly selected self-harming teenagers. The data collection tool were Cell Phone Addiction Scale (CAC), Self-control Questionnaire (CSQ), and Child Behavior Checklist (CBC). Results: The results showed that the use of harmful smartphones had a direct and significant effect on aggressive behavior among self-harming teenagers (β=0.387, P=0.001). Similarly, the use of harmful smartphones had a direct and significant effect on the law-breaking behavior among self-harming teenagers (β=0.297; P=0.022). Also, self-control had a negative and significant effect on aggressive behavior (β=-0.54; P<0.01). In addition, self-control had a negative and significant effect on law-breaking behavior (β=-0.497; P<0.01). In the end, the results of the research showed that self-control had a negative and significant mediating role in the relationship between the use of harmful smartphones and externalizing problems in self-harming teenagers. Conclusion: Findings from this research indicate that teenagers who demonstrate good self-control may experience fewer behavioral difficulties and have a reduced tendency to harm themselves, regardless of their harmful smartphone usage. Findings have emphasized that greater attention should be given to assisting teenagers in developing their self-control capabilities.

Objective: To investigate the effectiveness of developing a pre-marriage educational package based on the concepts of Sternberg's theory on love stories in single girls. Method: The current research is applied in terms of purpose, quasi-experimental in terms of research method, and pre-test-post-test with control group and follow-up stage in terms of research design. The statistical population of this research was made up of people who referred to Haft Sange Zendegi Educational Institute in 2023. Before conducting the training classes, both groups (including the intervention group and the control group) were evaluated with the research measurement tool. Then, for the intervention group, the film therapy program based on Sternberg's concepts was implemented in the amount of 25 sessions of two hours per hour. Results: According to the findings, the asymmetric story variable (P=0.861), thematic story variable (P<0.001), participatory story variable (P<0.001), narrative type story variable (P=0.863), genre story variable (P=0.976) There was no significant difference between the two experimental and control groups during the pre-test. Similarly, there was no significant difference between the two experimental and control groups during the pre-test (P=0.351), but there was a significant difference between the two post-test and follow-up periods between the control and experimental groups (P<0.001). However, there was no significant difference between post-test and follow-up in the thematic story variable (P=0.232). Likewise, there was no significant difference between the post-test and follow-up in the story variable (P=0.548). Conclusion: This study is unique in Iran as it involves premarital counseling based on movies.

The purpose of this research was to predict love stories based on attachment styles and self-differentiation in students. This was a cross-sectional correlational research. The statistical population of this research consists of students of Rasht university in 2022-2023. 223 people were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling method. The Love Stories Scale (Sternberg, 1996), Revised Adult Attachment Scale (Collins & Reid 1990), and Differentiation of self-inventory-short form (Drake, 2011), were used to collect the data. Data were analyzed using SPSS-24 software and multivariate regression analysis method The findings of the study showed that attachment styles and self-differentiation can predict the love as a story of students, and the contribution of self-differentiation components was higher (41.3%). The value of the standardized regression coefficient (Beta) for the reactivity component (β=0.243, P<0.01), my position (β=0.169, P<0.01), emotional fault (P<0.01, β=0.194), and mixing with others (P<0.01, β=0.203). Thus, it was concluded that self-differentiation positively and meaningfully predicts love stories in students. The results of the current research show the importance of the role of self-differentiation and attachment styles in students, which can be effective in designing counseling programs in university counseling centers.

Intersubjectivity has priority over subjectivity because meaning is discussed and constructed in a two-way process that happens in a conversation. According to this, the research aims to show the terms of change for meaning production in psychotherapy with clients. Two cases (a child and an adult) were selected with apparent symptoms of anxiety and fear with the case study method and available sampling. They were treated by the technical integrative method. Conversations were coded by process-focused conversation analysis. Analyzing results by process-focused conversation analysis showed that in both cases, to happen changes in psychotherapy, besides terms of conversation, a particular type of psychotherapy response is essential (Khayyami's cycle), and client change is not explained by the merely particular response of the therapist; but, the therapist can, by the method used in the research, acquire the meaning hidden behind client's verbal response and symptoms on the dialogue process and show Lacani's transcendental signified and signified chain.

Aim: The primary propose of the current study is to propose a model for predicting suicidal ideation based on early maladaptive schemas, with the mediation of interpersonal needs among high school students.Method: Employing a Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) approach, the research investigated the interplay between early maladaptive schemas and interpersonal needs. The methodology was purposefully, applied research, correlational in its descriptive nature, and rigorously adherent to the SEM design . The study encompassed the entire second-grade high school student population in Qazvin City during the academic year 2022-2023. A stratified multistage cluster sampling method systematically extracted a random sample of 600 students. Data collection utilized three standardized instruments: Beck's Suicidal Ideation Scale (BSSI), Young Schema-Short Form (YSQ-SF), and the Interpersonal Needs (INQ). Robust data analysis employed SPSS 25 and Smart PLS softwareFindings: The results indicated that maladaptive schemas exerted an indirect influence on suicidal ideation, mediated through interpersonal needs. Conversely, no direct effect of maladaptive schemas on suicidal ideation was observed. Maladaptive schemas, however, exhibited a direct association with interpersonal needs, (thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness), both of which demonstrated a direct correlation with suicidal ideation. The model's adequacy was confirmed through goodness-of-fit indices.Conclusion: The theoretical implications of this study significantly contributed to the understanding of the intricate relationships influencing suicidal ideation among high school students. Furthermore, the practical applications of these findings extended to educational organizations and counseling centers, offering valuable insights for the development of targeted interventions aimed at reducing suicide rates in this demographic.