درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Sports facility management is debatable from several angles, such as design principles, safety, and health principles, sizes and standards, and supervision, among which optimal location and determining the appropriate location to build sports facilities is one of the most crucial and specialized categories. The purpose of this research is a review study of sports places site selection with geographic information system. To achieve the research goal, a review study was conducted on the issue of locating sports venues with GIS. Google Scholar, SJR, and SID databases were reviewed to extract English and non-English language articles on locating sports venues with GIS. The researches conducted from 2007 to 2023 were reviewed in this study. The search was conducted in December 2022 and led to the identification of 565 records. After two steps of ‘screening’ and ‘eligibility’, 17 researches have met the criteria and were included for data analysis. Findings demonstrated that GIS has become very prosperous in the world, huge sums of money are spent to prepare these systems, and it is predicted that billions of dollars will be spent in this field in the future.

The purpose of this study was to research the subjective experiences of an athlete during practice match competitions and to examine the potential usefulness of an adapted MAC intervention in addressing the emotional difficulties of the athlete. We investigated the usefulness of a 12-session MAC program altered for educational purposes and presented data as a case study. The case study suggested that the athlete experienced a multitude of anxiety while practicing match competitions; the athlete typically avoided these emotional difficulties and engaged in avoidant behaviors; an adapted MAC approach for educational purposes could be helpful to help the athletes accept private events, commit to performance-related behaviors, and engage more frequently to performance under pressure. More could be done to address the needs of athletes experiencing performance anxiety beyond the structure of our 12-session educational intervention. We concluded that the MAC-based intervention, to a certain extent, educated the athlete about how to meet the challenges of performance difficulties, commit to values-driven behavior, and exhibit behaviors that would potentially permit optimal performance.

Employment is one of the most fundamental forms of human activity, the damages of which can cause job burnout and reduce quality of life. In recent years, dealing with this issue has been the main goal of most organizations. The present study aims to compare job burnout and quality of life among active and inactive clerks in one of Tehran universities. In the present causative comparative study, 100 clerks of the age range (mean and standard deviation 40.93 ±8.63) of the university which was chosen by access sampling. According to Sharkey's physical activity questionnaire, they were then divided into two active and inactive groups. Then, they filled out two Maslach job burnout and quality of life questionnaires. A multivariate variance analysis test was used with SPSS 20 for data analysis. The data and findings indicate that concerning job burnout and its subscales (Emotional Exhaustion, Depersonalization), physically inactive individuals had higher means; in contrast, people with more activity had higher means; also, physically active individuals showed higher mean scores in quality-of-life variable, in both physical health and mental health total scores and physical function, emotional wellbeing, social function, and general health subscales. Physically inactive individuals showed higher means concerning function disorder owing to physical health and function disorder owing to emotional health and pain. There was no significant difference concerning the subscale of energy/fatigue. Findings indicate that physical activity, as a strategy, improves the capacity of the clerks so they have a better quality of life and deal with job burnout. Thus, it is suggested that physical activity be used as a strategic plan to increase the clerks' efficiency.

Background: Expression of mucosal levels would affect the function of internal organs of the body and the digestive system, such as by creating a blockage for the progression of cancerous tumors and the failure of the target tissue, especially the large intestine. Aim : The purpose of this sudy was to investigate the effect of 8 weeks of quercetin supplementation and intermittent exercise on protein levels of intestinal Muc5Ac, Muc4 and polyphosphate in rats with colon cancer. Material and Methods: Tewenty-four rats were randomly assigned into four groups including quercetin (n=6), exercise (n=6), quercetin + exercise (n=6) and control group (n=6). Colon cancer induction was provided with the use of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine for 8 weeks and daily quercetin supplementation of 50 mg/kg body weight of mice by Gavagene method. Exercise protocol was performed 5 sessions per week with intensity of 60-70%, maximum speed of 23 m/min with 2-min rest in 8 weeks. ANOVA was used to analyze data. The level of significance was set at P <0.05. Results: It was suggested that there was a significant difference in protein levels of intestinal Muc5Ac, Muc4 and polyphosphate in all groups ( P <0.05). Furthermore, it was also indicated that Muc5Ac levels was significantly higher in the quercetin+ exercise group other than pther groups ( P <0.05). Conclusions: It was concluded that intermittent exercise and quercetin supplementation would increase the levels of Muc5Ac and Muc4 proteins in the large intestine of mice with colon cancer.  

Spectators are the main element of football. Football, as a popular sport, has the capacity for the intimate involvement and intense emotional experiences of the spectators. But the large presence of spectators in one place increases the probability of critical situations. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to identify crowd crisis management (CCM) solutions in professional football and to select the best solutions in terms of functional priority with mix-method. In the qualitative part, the approach based on thematic analysis was used to identify the crowd crisis management solutions and in the quantitative part, the best-worst method (BWM) was used to determine the importance and weight of the identified factors. A semi-structured interviews with 21 experts and the implementation of the best-worst method, demonstrated that among the five categories of solutions related to CCM inside the stadium, control, and guide of spectators as the most important, and emergency medical services as the least important of solutions. Also, among the solutions for managing the crowd crisis outside the stadium, the staff training of the stadium is illustrated to be the most important and financial discipline the least important solution effective for controlling the crowd crisis. Therefore, it is suggested that organizers of the matches focus on solutions that lead to the accurate implementation of the roles and tasks of the groups involved in holding the match and the development of programs, policies and effective security measures to control the spectators.