۱.
کلیدواژهها:
روانشناسی ورزشی عملکرد ورزشی سلامت روان ورزشکاران مداخلات روانشناختی فناوری در روانشناسی ورزشی
در مسیر تکامل روزافزون حوزه روانشناسی ورزشی، این قلم بر آن است تا پیشرفت های شایان توجه حاصل شده در درک ابعاد روانشناختیِ عملکرد ورزشی را به تصویر کشد و در عین حال، چشم اندازهایی بدیع را برای پژوهش های آینده ترسیم نماید. انبوه پژوهش های متقن به خوبی گواه آن است که آمادگی ذهنی، همتراز با تمرینات بدنی، نقشی انکارناپذیر در دستیابی به عملکرد بهینه ایفا میکند و کثرت مطالعات، کارآمدیِ مداخلات روانشناختی را در سطوح گوناگونِ ورزشی و رقابتی به اثبات رسانده است. دستاوردهای نوینِ این عرصه به خوبی نمایانگر آن است که چگونه راهبردهای شناختی-رفتاری میتوانند دستاوردهای ورزشی را به شکلی چشمگیر ارتقا بخشند. تمرین های تجسمی که در آنها ورزشکاران به مرور ذهنیِ عملکردهای خود می پردازند، نویدبخش ارتقای مهارتها و نتایج رقابتی بوده اند. به همینسان، راهکارهای هدفگذاری در حفظ انگیزه و تمرکز در طول فصلهای طولانیِ تمرین نقشی مؤثر داشته اند. و شاید از همه مهمتر، کاربستِ مداخلات مبتنی بر ذهن آگاهی، ورزشکاران را در مدیریت فشارهای طاقت فرسای رقابت ها یاری رسانده و به آنان در حفظ تعادل عاطفی مدد رسانده است. دامنه تأثیر این اصول روانشناختی فراتر از بهبود عملکرد، مسائل حیاتیِ سلامت روان در جامعه ورزشی را نیز دربرمی گیرد. در حالی که روزگاری مشکلات روانی در فرهنگ ورزشی یا نادیده انگاشته میشد یا با نگرشی همراه با انگ مواجه بود، امروزه شاهد شیوعِ اضطراب، افسردگی و فرسودگی در میان ورزشکاران در تمامی سطوح هستیم. این بیداری جمعی به ایجاد ساختارهای حمایتیِ فراگیرتر و ادغام تدریجیِ متخصصان سلامت روان در سازمانهای ورزشی انجامیده است؛ هرچند هنوز فاصله قابل توجهی تا دسترس پذیریِ پایدار این منابع و همخوان سازیِ آنها با فرهنگ های متنوع باقی است. فناوری های نوین نیز افق های تازهای را در سنجش و مداخلات روانشناختیِ ورزشی گشوده اند. سامانه های بیوفیدبک این امکان را فراهم آورده اند تا واکنش های فیزیولوژیک به استرس در زمان واقعی زیر نظر گرفته شوند، و پلتفرم های واقعیت مجازی به ورزشکاران اجازه می دهند رویارویی با موقعیت های پرفشار را در فضاهای کنترل شده تمرین کنند. این ابزارهای فناورانه در ترکیب با روش های کلاسیکِ روانشناسی، ظرفیتی خیره کننده برای برنامه های آموزشیِ ذهنیِ شخصی سازی شده و کارآمد ایجاد کرده اند. در افق پیشِ رو، چندین حوزه کلیدی نیازمند توجه جمعیِ ما به عنوان پژوهشگر و متخصص است. ضرورتِ مطالعاتِ میان فرهنگی برای درک تجلیِ اصول روانشناختی در بسترهای اجتماعی و نظام های ارزشیِ گوناگون بیشازپیش احساس میشود. تدوینِ رویکردهای تحولیِ مادام العمر به پرورش ورزشکاران می تواند به همراهیِ بهترِ آنان در گذار به دنیای رقابت ها و خروج از آن بینجامد. افزون بر این، همکاری های میانرشتهای با حوزه هایی چون علوم اعصاب و داده پردازی، نویدبخش بینش هایی نوین در پیوند ذهن و بدن در عرصه عملکرد ورزشی است. با تأمل در این افق های پیشِ رو، به روشنی درمییابیم که روانشناسی ورزشی در آستانه نقطه ای عطف قرار دارد. این رشته از اثباتِ صرفِ اهمیتِ عوامل روانشناختی در ورزش فراتر رفته و اینک با چالشی ژرفتر روبه روست: چگونگیِ به کارگیریِ اثربخشِ این دانش در جمعیت ها و محیط های متنوع. این مهم نه تنها پژوهش های ژرفانگر، که گفتوگوهای خردمندانه برای پُر کردن شکافِ میانِ یافته های علمی و اجرای عملی را می طلبد. این باور راسخ را دارم که نشریاتِ ارجمندی چون این مجله، با انتشار پژوهش های کمّی و کیفیِ والا که هم مرزهای دانش را درمی نوردند و هم پایبندِ کاربستِ عملی هستند، نقشی بیبدیل در پیشبرد این مسیر ایفا خواهند کرد. با ادامه مسیرِ برجسته سازیِ پژوهش های نوآورانه و ترویجِ رویکردهای مبتنی بر شواهد، می توانیم اطمینان یابیم که روانشناسی ورزشی، توانِ خود را در ارتقای عملکرد ورزشی و غنا بخشیدن به تجربه ورزش برای همه کنشگرانِ این عرصه به کار خواهد بست.
۱.
کلیدواژهها:
ذهن آگاهی خستگی جسمانی روانی موسیقی
Objective : Basketball is a sport characterized by open skills, where actions are unpredictable and dynamics are constantly shifting, leading professional players to experience varying levels of physical and mental fatigue. This study aimed to explore and compare how mindfulness and music training affect physical and mental fatigue in elite basketball players. Method: In this quasi-experimental research, 27 elite basketball players were randomly assigned to either a mindfulness-based training group, a music-based training group, or a control group. Blood samples were taken under fasting conditions to assess the study variables before and after the intervention. Data analysis involved one-way analysis of variance (ACNOVA), paired t-tests with a significance threshold (P ≤ 0.05), and the Bonferroni post hoc test to identify intra-group and inter-group differences. SPSS version 27 was utilized for these analyses. Results : When comparing the groups, there was no significant difference in the impact of mindfulness and music on physical fatigue at a significance level (P ≤ 0.05). Similarly, the effect of mindfulness and music on changes in inflammatory markers such as lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase, and C-reactive protein was not significantly different at the same significance level. However, the effect of mindfulness and music on mental fatigue showed a significant difference at a significance level (P ≤ 0.05), indicating that mindfulness significantly reduces psychological fatigue. Conclusions : The findings of this study revealed no significant difference between the effectiveness of mindfulness-based training and music in terms of physical fatigue and changes in serum levels of lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase, and C-reactive protein. However, in the area of mental fatigue, mindfulness-based training demonstrated a significant reduction in mental fatigue in the post-test.
۲.
کلیدواژهها:
aging exercise Literacy physical fitness Psychometrics
Objective : Given the growing elderly population in Iran and the relationship between physical literacy and health, assessing physical literacy in this population is important. However, there are limited studies on the assessment of physical literacy in the elderly. The present study aimed to examine the cross-cultural validity of the Persian version of Senior Perceived Physical Literacy Instrument (SPPLI). Method: At first, the translation/back translation process and content validity were carried out through the Content Validity Index (CVI) with opinion of five experts. Subsequently, concurrent and construct (age differences and convergent) validity, and internal consistency were examined in a sample of 78 older adults (aged 60–90 years) randomly selected from nursing homes and physiotherapy centers in Qazvin. Construct validity of the SPPLI was assessed by comparing age-related differences and its correlation with age and its convergent validity with the Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE) and the short-form Falls Efficacy Scale-International (FES-I) and concurrent validity was evaluated through the its relationship with the Senior Fitness Test (SFT) as a measure of actual physical literacy. Results : The CVI results confirmed the content validity of all SPPLI items. The results of Mann-Whitney U test revealed no significant difference in perceived physical literacy between the two age groups (p = 0.42). Spearman’s correlation between total scores of SPPLI and age was weak and non-significant (r (78) = 0.123). The Spearman correlation coefficients of SPPLI with total scores of SFT, PASE, and short FES-I were 0.501, 0.452, and -0.001, respectively. Conclusions : The content and concurrent validity of the SPPLI was confirmed, and its internal consistency was good. However, convergent validity was moderate with the PASE and very weak with the short FES-I, while construct validity based on age differences was not confirmed. In conclusion, the Persian SPPLI exhibits appropriate cross-cultural validity.
۳.
کلیدواژهها:
LEARNING Performance Soccer Push Pass Skill Specificity of Practice Hypothesis Sunlight and Gym light
Objective : The study aimed to investigate the specificity of practice hypothesis in soccer by examining the impact of environmental light conditions on the learning of a soccer push pass. Specifically, it sought to determine whether practicing under natural or artificial light would influence skill acquisition and transfer when visual conditions changed. Method: Twenty-six male students (mean age 20.67 ± 1.78 years) with no prior experience in the experimental task were matched and divided into two practice groups based on their pre-test scores in the Mor-Christian Push Pass Test. One group trained under natural sunlight (daytime), while the other practiced under artificial gym light (nighttime) for six sessions (three times per week). Following the training phase, participants underwent immediate retention tests under the same light conditions as their practice. A delayed retention test was conducted ten days later. Data were analyzed using a 2 (group: natural vs. artificial light) × 2 (test condition: natural vs. artificial light) × 2 (test delay: immediate vs. delayed) repeated measures ANOVA via SPSS-16. Results : The results revealed no significant differences in skill acquisition between the two practice groups during training. However, during transfer tests where light conditions were altered, both groups exhibited a significant decline in performance. This finding supports the specificity of practice hypothesis, indicating that skill learning is context-dependent and performance deteriorates when environmental conditions change. Conclusions : The study confirms that soccer push pass performance is sensitive to the environmental context in which it is practiced. While both natural and artificial light conditions yielded similar skill acquisition, the inability to maintain performance under altered lighting suggests that practice specificity plays a critical role in motor learning. These findings highlight the importance of training under varied conditions to enhance adaptability and transferability of sport skills.
۴.
کلیدواژهها:
Exercise Behaviour Regulation Exercise Causality Orientations Health-Promoting Lifestyle Mental-Physical-Spiritual Well-Being Pakistani Adults
Aims: The study aims to explore the effects of exercise causality orientations and behaviour regulation on mental, physical and spiritual well-being in Pakistani adults. The goal is to investigate the health-promoting lifestyle pattern in the community to compare cross-country results in future cross-sectional studies. Methods: A quantitative cross-sectional correlational study was conducted through a purposive sample. A total of 184 adults were taken from educational and sports institutes in Pakistan. Valid and reliable instruments were used to conduct descriptive and inferential statistics through IBM SPSS v.25. Only English-proficient adults were included in the study. Results: The independent variables, effects of exercise, causality orientations, and behaviour regulation significantly affect mental, physical and spiritual well-being. The mediating variable of health-promoting lifestyle has a significant effect on lifestyle in terms of health responsibility, physical activity, nutrition, spiritual growth, interpersonal relations and stress management on behaviour regulation and overall well-being Conclusion: The induction of physical and cultural promotion is integral in Pakistani educational and sports systems. Keywords: exercise causality, behaviour, mental, physical, spiritual, health,
۵.
کلیدواژهها:
Aggression Female Football Players Recreational Sports Professional Athletes sports psychology
Objective : This study aims to provide a comparative analysis of Sportspersonship, competitive anger, and aggression among professional and recreational female football players in Iran. Method: Utilizing an applied, causal-comparative design, data were collected from 330 participants—150 professional players from the Iranian Women’s Premier League and 180 recreational players active in Tehran. Three validated instruments were employed: the Sportspersonship Questionnaire Vallerand and Brière (1), the Competitive Anger Scale Maxwell and Moores (2) and the Aggression Questionnaire Buss and Perry (3). statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS 24. One Sample T-Test and independent t-test were used. Results : The findings of the study showed that the levels of aggression, anger, and violence in professional and recreational female soccer players are significantly higher than average. There is a significant difference between the levels of anger and violence among professional and recreational female soccer players. The results revealed that professional players exhibited significantly higher levels of competitive anger than recreational players. However, no significant differences were found between the two groups in terms of Sportspersonship. Conclusions : These findings underscore the need for targeted psychological and behavioral interventions to address competitive anger and promote ethical behavior, particularly in professional women’s football. Emphasizing Sportspersonship and ethical conduct can contribute to a healthier sporting culture and mitigate the normalization of aggressive behaviors in both competitive and recreational contexts.
۶.
کلیدواژهها:
athlete Burnout Machine LEARNING Prediction
Objective : Athlete burnout, which is a multidimensional syndrome and consists of emotional exhaustion, reduced accomplishment, and sport devaluation, is associated with detrimental outcomes to performance and well-being. The aim of this study was to design and validate a machine learning model by combing real-time physiological monitoring and psychological testing to predict and prevent burnout in elite athletes. Method: We recorded multimodal data for 120 national-level athletes (60 males, 60 females) from three sports over a 6-month period; we obtained heart rate variability (HRV), salivary cortisol, sleep measures, and standardized burnout scales. An ensemble model of XGBoost and LSTM architectures had the best predictive performance (AUC-ROC = 0.91), which was significantly better than that of the traditional logistic regression (AUC-ROC = 0.72, p < 0.001). Results : Distinguishing physiological predictors were HRV (β = -0.34, p < 0.001), cortisol awakening response attenuation (β = 0.29, p = 0.001) and deep sleep reduction (β = -0.27, p = 0.001), with the relationships being moderated by TrL (pinteraction < 0.05). In the three-month implementation trial, the system prospectively identified 68% of the burnout cases early on (median lead time = 18 days); it decreased the incidence by 37% relative to the controls (OR = 0.43, 95% CI [0.28, 0.66]). The model had strong temporal stability (AUC drift < 0.02/month), but there is potential for decreased generalizability to recreational athletes and technology-based restricting widespread application. Conclusions : Our results demonstrate the potential for machine learning-empowered combinatory continuous biometric monitoring and psychological screening to operationalize burnout as a preventive (rather than reactive) challenge in elite sports. The model offers coaches and medical teams’ actionable information to intervene in an individualized manner, but future research is needed to examine menstrual cycle effects and to design cost-effective interventions in youth sports systems.
۷.
کلیدواژهها:
athlete burnout choice theory autonomy support Psychological Needs longitudinal intervention
Objective : Athlete burnout remains a significant concern in competitive sports, with growing evidence highlighting its detrimental effects on performance and mental health. This study examined the efficacy of a Choice Theory-based intervention in reducing burnout symptoms by enhancing autonomy and psychological need satisfaction among elite athletes. Method: Using a longitudinal, randomized controlled design, 156 elite athletes (aged 18–32) from endurance, team, and skill-based sports were allocated to either an 8-week Choice Theory intervention group or a control group receiving standard mental skills training. The intervention incorporated weekly workshops on need identification, cognitive restructuring ("choose to" vs. "have to" thinking), and autonomy-supportive goal setting, alongside coach training in autonomy-supportive communication. Burnout was assessed using the Athlete Burnout Questionnaire (ABQ), while psychological needs were measured via the Basic Psychological Needs Satisfaction in Sport Scale (BPNSSS). Physiological markers (salivary cortisol, heart rate variability) provided objective stress indicators. Results : Results demonstrated significant reductions in emotional exhaustion (p < 0.01, d = 0.72) and sport devaluation (p < 0.05, d = 0.54) in the intervention group compared to controls at 12-month follow-up. Mediation analysis revealed that increased autonomy (β = -0.38, p < 0.001) and competence (β = -0.29, p < 0.01) fully mediated burnout reduction. Physiological data corroborated these findings, with improved HRV recovery (p < 0.05) and lower cortisol levels (p < 0.01) in the intervention group. Conclusions : These findings support Choice Theory as an effective framework for athlete burnout prevention, emphasizing the critical role of autonomy-supportive environments in sustaining long-term athlete well-being. The study advances current practice by demonstrating that structural changes in coaching approaches—particularly empowering athletes with meaningful choices—can significantly mitigate burnout risk. Future research should explore the generalizability of these effects across diverse athletic populations and cultural contexts.
۸.
کلیدواژهها:
Neuroenhancement Athletic Performance Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (Tdcs) psychological resilience elite athletes
Objective: This study investigated the synergistic effects of neurofeedback (NF) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on enhancing athletic performance and psychological resilience in elite athletes, addressing critical gaps in standardized protocols and long-term efficacy within sports neuroscience. Methods: A randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled crossover design was employed with 60 national-level athletes (30 male, 30 female) stratified by sport type (endurance/skill-based). Participants underwent 10 sessions of either: (1) active NF (SMR upregulation via 64-channel EEG) + active tDCS (2mA over left DLPFC), (2) active NF + sham tDCS, (3) sham NF + active tDCS, or (4) sham NF + sham tDCS. Primary outcomes included sport-specific performance metrics (reaction time, time-to-exhaustion) and psychological resilience (CD-RISC-25), with secondary EEG measures (beta power, P300) assessed at baseline, post-intervention, and 8-week follow-up. Results: The combined NF+tDCS group demonstrated superior improvements versus sham controls: 15.2% faster reaction time (p < 0.001, d = 1.21), 12.4% increased endurance (p = 0.002), and 22.3-point higher resilience scores (p < 0.001). EEG revealed sustained beta power elevation over the left DLPFC (+2.1 dB at follow-up, p = 0.01), mediating 41% of resilience gains through reduced amygdala reactivity (HRV analysis, β = 0.64, p = 0.003). Skill-based athletes showed greater cognitive benefits, while endurance athletes exhibited stronger psychological gains, with sex-specific effects noted (females: better tDCS response; males: superior NF anxiety reduction). Conclusion: Combined NF and tDCS induces durable, sport-specific enhancements in both performance and resilience, likely through prefrontal-amygdala circuit plasticity. These findings advocate for personalized neuromodulation protocols in elite sports while highlighting the need for ethical frameworks governing neuroenhancement technologies.
