درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the content of Persian literature books in the first grade of high school based on the components of educational and critical knowledge from the perspective of experts and teachers. Methodology: The method of this research is a type of evaluation study, which has been used to carry out the field research methodology. The statistical population includes curriculum specialists (118 people) and teachers of Persian literature in the first grade of high school in Mazandaran province (940 people). Stratified random sampling method was used to select 272 teachers and 92 curriculum specialists based on Cochran formula. A researcher-made questionnaire was developed using the nominal scale and Likert scale. The face and content validity of the questionnaire has been approved by the supervisors and counselors as well as a group of relevant curriculum specialists and relevant teachers who have sufficient expertise in the subject matter of the research. The reliability of the tool is confirmed by the Cronbach Alpha coefficient of 0.924. Descriptive statistics such as abundance and average percentages were used in the data analysis method and X2 test was used to test the assumptions. Findings: According to the findings of this research and based on the fact that the centralized educational system of Iran, where textbooks are considered to be the most basic educational resources available to teachers and students, in order to fulfill the curriculum objectives based on the components of critical and educational competence, the content of these textbooks was analyzed. Discussion: to formulate curriculum, which leads to the creation of interesting questions and the creation of Interested in reading new concepts based on documentation and away from any individual biases

Each year on 17th December people from different cultures and religions come and participate at Mevlana Jalal ad-DinRumi mausoleum rituals, called Shab-e Arus, to pay their respects to him. During pilgrimage as well as organized and informal rituals that take place in commemoration of Rumi death anniversary as the well-known poet and mystic of 13th century, a form of tolerance emerges. As such, the point of departure for this article is the perception of pilgrimage space as the space of connections, where an arena for social and cultural interactions is created, that resulted in formation of a cultural tolerance. In other words, presence in the pilgrimage space and different rites has led to interactions that result in acceptance and understanding of the other, which thereby reinforces culture of tolerance. The cultural area and case study of this research is 744th ritual of commemoration of Rumi, formally called “time of Brotherhood”, that held on 7-17 December 2017 in Konya, Turkey.  The paper discussed the rituals of pilgrimage of his tomb share characteristics with what Victor Turner discussed as modern pilgrimage. Accordingly, this article elucidates the role of pilgrimage sites as the center and source of cultural coexistence involved in transnational identities. It emphasizes that such pilgrimage centers create a peaceful coexistence in an intercultural space instead of conflict between groups of people.

A controversial and comprehensive debate that has resulted in numerous discursive clashes in Iran pertains to the presence of women at stadiums during male soccer matches. Different discourse systems have expressed their own contradictory and opposite stances in terms of whether Iranian women have the right to attend such events inside or outside the stadium, ranging from different notions of ritual pollution and moral threats to gender equality and women rights in public spheres and spaces. When the debate is considered more in depth, a question arises about the female representation of national identity in Iran: What is the status and role of the female body in symbolic demonstration of the national body of Iranian society as a kind of social body? It seems that there is a discursive debate about the symbolic representation of female body in public sphere in Iran. To provide further insight into this question, ethnographic methods, participant observations and different models of interviews (focus and nominal interviews) were employed in the fields and cultural areas under study. The purpose of this article is to examine the systems of discourses about the allowance or prohibition of the presence of women at soccer stadiums and the cultural foundations and backgrounds that have given shape to these discourses over recent decades.