درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Purpose- To examine the architectural and economic strategies of rural business spaces from the perspective of experts. Design/methodology/approach- In synthesis of literature review, after reviewing 47 articles found, the relationships between variables in first relation between R.B.S & R.B.A: The components were extracted & converted to 8 components based on the Roberts synthesis method. But since the main unknown of the research was Architecture & speciology of the building, according to the gaps extracted 8 types of architecture were compiled & the axial coding & 8 research content was extracted from it. Then the content-target-table was generated.  In the current step, since theoretical foundations were insufficient, a combined research method was used & the Delphi research method was used in this phase of research. The study community had 41 elite subjects (rural-urban-architectural-entrepreneurial). To analyze the data collected based on the Q factor analysis extracted results & ultimately the most influential factors on the RBS & RBP from each of the specified spatial attributes. The results of the study indicate that in total, 3 categories are emphasized, 5 categories in the 2nd priority, 3 categories are not generally approved by this community, but in some factors it is emphasized. Findings- In response to the research question of what the classification and perspective of the community of experts are on the architectural strategies of rural business spaces, there are 7 views in this regard: Requirements for multi-purpose spaces (second activity): separate, isolated, sanitary, and Indigenous (12.67%); Second activity in the form of multi-purpose buildings or increasing the area for the construction of a sales place in rural buildings (11.49%); The sales Place is equipped with isolation (10.07%); Sanitary and isolated interior architecture (cultivation space) (8.06%); Indigenous model of Health and isolation (7.85%); Reconstruction of old buildings by equipping, and separating and increasing the business area (7.68%)  and etc. Reseach limitation/implications- Interdisciplinary and lack of coherent studies and literature on Rural Business Architecture (R B A) and multi-purpose & hybrid building and architecpreneure (architecture + entrepreneurship). Originality/value– Research started with the hypothesis of multifunctionalization of production spaces, but ultimately concepts such as health & reducing the penetration of the second activity pest were given priority over multifunctioning & combining activities. There for the priority of health concepts & sales & second activity is the innovation of this research.

This study examines the Human Resources Governance (HRG) system in Tehran Municipality, focusing on its alignment with sustainable urban development. Tehran, Iran’s economic and political hub, faces unique HR challenges due to economic volatility, stringent regulations, cultural norms, and rapid urban growth. The research investigates how HRG can address these complexities to foster a sustainable workforce. Drawing on agency theory and the resource-based view, the study explores the interplay of legal compliance, cultural values, and technological adoption in shaping effective HR systems. Tehran’s labor market, shaped by the 1990 Labor Law and Islamic principles, navigates a dual economy of state-owned enterprises and emerging private sectors, yet struggles with outdated HR practices, high turnover, and brain drain exacerbated by sanctions and inflation. The study highlights the need for modernized HR strategies, including digital tools like Human Resource Information Systems, to enhance recruitment, retention, and employee engagement. Cultural factors, such as collectivism and gender roles, further complicate governance, necessitating inclusive policies to bridge disparities. Opportunities lie in leveraging Tehran’s youthful, educated workforce and regional economic role through public-private partnerships, digital transformation, and ESG-focused strategies. The research employs a qualitative approach, analyzing Tehran’s HR landscape through literature reviews and spatial auto-correlation methods. Findings suggest that adaptive, culturally sensitive HRG frameworks can mitigate economic and regulatory challenges while promoting sustainability. By integrating global best practices with local realities, Tehran can strengthen its human capital, positioning itself as a leader in HR governance for sustainable urban development.