محمدرضا محمدی

This article employs the theoretical framework of the conflict school to examine the role of economic reforms in consolidating neopatrimonialism in Saudi Arabia. The central hypothesis of the article is that the recent initiatives of Mohammed bin Salman, particularly through the Vision 2030 document, aimed at adapting the Saudi political system to internal and external changes, maintaining stability and continuity of the regime, and centralizing power in his hands, have contributed to the consolidation of neopatrimonialism in the country. While these economic and social reforms ostensibly aim to modernize Saudi Arabia's economy and society, they effectively function as tools to reinforce traditional power structures and solidify the dominance of the Al Saud family, particularly Mohammed bin Salman himself. By analyzing available data and recent political-economic trends in Saudi Arabia, the article addresses the question of how economic reforms have contributed to the consolidation of neopatrimonialism and what implications this has for the country's power structure. The findings reveal that these reforms, while creating superficial changes in the economy and society, act as mechanisms to preserve and strengthen the patrimonial system and perpetuate the dominance of the ruling elite.

Objective: An important cognitive control process is the ability to inhibit, that mature at different rates during childhood to adolescence. The aim of our research was to construct and validate computer-based Stroop animal size test in children for measuring selective attention and response inhibition. Research Methodology: In this survey study, we prepared the test, after the approval of experts and software development, at first test-retest reliability with a two week was evaluated in a separate sample (N=50, 5-12 years old children), then data was collected from 92 children 5-12 years old (46 girls and 46 boys) included 22 children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) studied in the academic year 2022-2023 in Alborz province. Participants decided the real size of animals by pressing response keys on computer. ANOVA, Multivariate analysis, Pearson correlation coefficients and Cronbach α were used to assess reliability and validity (p<0.05). Findings: The findings showed test-retest reliability in significant range (p<0.01). The correlation was high for Stroopnum, (r=0.83), Inconsistent answers, (r=0.72), Wrong answers, (r=0.89) but lower for Consistent answers, (r=0.28) and Reaction time, (r=0.41). To assess the internal consistency, Cronbach Alpha 0.91 computed. ANOVA analysis for comparing children's function in different age groups was (p<0.000). Conclusion: Multivariate analysis was used in comparing children with ADHD to the control group, results showed significant difference between groups in Stroop components, (p<0.007). This computerized Stroop animal size test had satisfactory reliability and validity, that can measure cognitive functions such as selective attention and inhibition in children.

The beha ioral decision-making process of indi iduals highlights the importance of in estors' feelings and their correlation with the real economy. The purpose of this study was to model Digital in estment satisfaction based on accounting information, information asymmetry, and indi idual  alues. Qualitati e methodology was used to answer the research question. Furthermore, in terms of research philosophy, the present research is in the category of positi ist paradigm and practical type, and in terms of qualitati e and quantitati e research, it has an inducti e and deducti e approach and a sur ey strategy. This research is exploratory in terms of purpose ,that is to say, it explores  ariables and their causal relationship. The required information was collected through inter iews with experts and ATLAS.ti 9 software was used qualitati ely. The research population included financial and management experts of companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. By analyzing the data collected in the research, a total of 23 categories and 252 and finally 127 concepts were identified and extracted. Selecti e coding and axial coding were also performed. Among the identified factors, the axial coding paradigm was performed and based on that, the linear relationship between research categories was determined, including causal conditions, axial categories, underlying conditions, inter ening conditions, strategies, and consequences. One Judicious leader for the more part for settlement on a decision focused on certain rationale and systematically decision-taking methodology. Because of the recent budgetary emergency worldwide, the  enture choices are considered one of the essential assignments in the e eryday life.