درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

The purpose of this article is to introduce and examine revisionism in the great revolutions of the world. Based on this, with the method of comparative study and in the framework of Gidden's "Structuration" theory, we investigate the interaction of "agency" and "structure" which causes the formation of revisionism in these revolutions. The study of these revolutions shows that the current of revisionism is formed and strengthened when, first, the agency of the people decreases and the agency of those in power increases; Secondly, equality as a construction should be weakened and the construction of power-seeking should be emphasized. In the French Revolution, power-hungry politicians were active, and aristocracy as a common construct led to revisionism. In the Russian Revolution, when monopolism prevailed as the pattern of social communication, a new class took power and a revision of revolutionary ideals and methods took place. The Chinese revolution underwent revisionism when technocrats became agents and developmentism as construction prevailed. The article suggests that in order to reduce the scope of revisionism in revolutionary systems, it is necessary to maintain and strengthen the presence and influence of people in the political scene. In addition, various tools should be used to weaken the structure and pattern of power-seeking among revolutionary politicians.

Background and Objective: The securitization of women, as one of the key components of social and national security, plays an effective role in sustainable development and social cohesion. The present study aims to explain the strategies for the securitization of women in the sphere of national order, with an emphasis on the statements of the Supreme Leader, in order to clarify the theoretical and practical dimensions of this issue from the perspective of the Leader's views. Methodology: The present research has used the thematic analysis method to examine the statements of the Supreme Leader. Data were collected from a set of relevant statements, coded, and analyzed in the form of basic, organizing, and overarching themes. Findings: The research results show that the securitization of women in the intellectual system of the Supreme Leader can be analyzed in three dimensions: "Self-building," "Society-building," and "Civilization-building." Based on the analyses performed, a conceptual model can be presented to show the "Relationship between constructs and their role" in the securitization of women. This model includes five main constructs (individual, familial, socio-cultural, economic, and political-civilizational), each of which acts as an independent axis while simultaneously playing a complementary role in interaction with other constructs. The main themes include the empowerment of women, human dignity, the role of women in the family, women's social and political participation, and providing legal and cultural support for women's security. Also, the emphasis on preserving the religious and cultural identity of women as an important factor in achieving social security has been considered. Conclusion: The securitization of women in the sphere of national order requires a multi-dimensional and integrated approach that covers the individual, familial, and social dimensions. The findings of this research can be used as a basis for policymaking and planning in the field of women's security and contribute to the promotion of social security indicators and sustainable development.

Objective: Impartial scholars believe that pervasive corruption was a key characteristic of the Pahlavi regime. While extensive research has been conducted on this topic, it has not been thoroughly examined through the lens of the leaders of the Islamic Revolution. This article aims to address this gap by asking: ‘What is Imam Khamenei's definition of corruption, and how does he view its depth and breadth within the Pahlavi regime?’ Method: To answer this question, a content analysis and documentary study approach were used. The research examined and compiled a collection of statements from the Leader of the Revolution. Results: Within the framework of his thoughts and with the aid of historical documents, court insiders' memoirs and writings, and existing research, this study presents examples and evidence of the court's corruption in each area. Conclusions:   The findings indicate that, in Imam Khamenei's view, the Pahlavi regime was afflicted by corruption in its moral, financial, managerial, and political aspects, and that this corruption was widespread. The Shah himself was the core of this corruption, and the closer individuals were to this core, the more corrupt they were.

Objective: Impartial scholars believe that pervasive corruption was a key characteristic of the Pahlavi regime. While extensive research has been conducted on this topic, it has not been thoroughly examined through the lens of the leaders of the Islamic Revolution. This article aims to address this gap by asking: ‘What is Imam Khamenei's definition of corruption, and how does he view its depth and breadth within the Pahlavi regime?’ To answer this question, a content analysis and documentary study approach were used. The research examined and compiled a collection of statements from the Leader of the Revolution. Method: The research method is qualitative of a historical type, and the analysis is documentary and qualitative. Data collection was conducted through library research and note-taking, and the explanation is provided with a sociological approach centered on religious values. Results: Within the framework of his thoughts and with the aid of historical documents, court insiders' memoirs and writings, and existing research, this study presents examples and evidence of the court's corruption in each area. Conclusions:  The findings indicate that, in Imam Khamenei's view, the Pahlavi regime was afflicted by corruption in its moral, financial, managerial, and political aspects, and that this corruption was widespread. The Shah himself was the core of this corruption, and the closer individuals were to this core, the more corrupt they were. The present study aims to analyze the role of religious values in the formation of popular protests during the premiership of Jamshid Amouzegar as a reflection of the nature of the Islamic Revolution. The central problem of the research is to explain the nature of the movement and the role of values in the events of Jamshid Amouzegar's premiership. The Shah's effort in bringing Amouzegar to power was to prevent the Islamic Revolution. In this study, the Islamic movement and its significant events are explained with a focus on values, and from this perspective, the present topic is worthy of research. Thus, the necessity of reviewing and analyzing Iran's political events in a revolutionary state is once again reinforced. This paper seeks to answer the question: ‘What role did Islamic values play in the events leading to the Islamic Revolution during the premiership of Jamshid Amouzegar?’ It appears that the nature of the protests following these events was oriented towards revolutionary values and the performance of religious duty. Imam Khomeini's educational approach, through the revival of religious rites, played a decisive role in the general mobilization against the Pahlavi regime. The research findings indicate that the Goethe Poetry Nights, the martyrdom of Mostafa Khomeini, the death of Dr. Shariati, the insulting article in the Ettela'at newspaper, the Cinema Rex fire, and the fortieth-day mourning ceremonies inspired by religious values and derived from the 40th of Sayyid al-Shuhada (Imam Hussein) were among the most important events that acted as carriers of religious values and had sociological impacts on the course of the revolution and the regime's collapse. Conclution:The results of the study of historical events during the prime ministership of Jamshid Amouzgar showed that the Islamic Revolution was a movement focused on values. The popular movement at the end of the Pahlavi regime was rooted in rational action focused on values, and collective behavior and social movements were formed on this basis; this led to the victory of the Islamic Revolution.