درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Cognitive linguistics is an approach in the study of language that examines the relationship between his language and mind and his social and physical experiences. Cognitive Linguistics is one of the interdisciplinary sciences whose purpose is reflection and precision in the mechanism of the relationship between the structure and the constituent elements of a text in order to better understand the process of completing the meaning and the concept hidden in it. Herbert Paul Grice is one of the linguistic analytical philosophers that according to this point of view, has conducted detailed and extensive studies on conversations and linguistic actions and their indirect and implicit meaning in everyday language, which has become known as Grice's cooperative principle. Conversation is one of the constructive elements of every narrative text that plays a central role in transferring the meaning. Grice sees conversation as a purposeful and rational behavior and it is a type of cooperation-based interaction that has its own logic. According to his theory, every successful dialogue is based on observing the 4 principles of cooperation (quantity, quality, communication and method) and if any deviation from one or more of the four principles is based on a certain relationship and purpose, it leads to the necessity of communication and if this goal is not provided departing from these principles will lead to the failure of dialogue. Therefore, in this research, some of the conversations between Jesus and the apostles in the Holy Qur'an have been analyzed, based on the theory of Grice's rules in a descriptive and analytical method in order to answer the question of how the cooperative principle is used and violated and what effect these violations have on the meaning and purpose of speaker. The results show that the dialogues of Jesus and the apostles in the Holy Qur'an violate the 4th principle of cooperation. The 3rd principle is most evident that the words of Jesus and the apostles have the quantity of 3 times in the Holy Qur'an and 2 other principles namely the principle of communication and the principle of method have a harmonious participation in the dialogue of the apostles and Jesus.

The meaning of the word Ḍaraba in the phrase iḍrebuhunna in the verse 34 of Surah An-Nisa is one of the words of the Holy Qur’ān that has occupied the minds of commentators. According to this verse, the Holy Qur’ān gives three orders to men whose wives are disobedient: advise them, forsake them in bed or beat them. Throughout the history of the Holy Qur’ān interpretation, there have been many discussions about the meaning of iḍrebuhunna by commentators, and in the contemporary era, many scholars of the Holy Qur’ān have talked about the meaning of this word. The purpose of this article is to clarify the meaning of Ḍaraba in this verse. Indeed, this study tries to find what the exact meaning of Ḍaraba in the phrase iḍrebuhunna in the verse 34 of Surah An-Nisa is. To figure out the meaning of iḍrebuhunna , we used the method of semantics and the method of qualitative content analysis and examined and classified the commentators’ opinions. The result is that what God means by “beating” in this verse, based on the severity of beating/hitting, is the psychological beating in such a way that a man is ready to hit with anger so that the woman stops disobeying her husband; however, this does not involve the stage of physical hitting.