درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Background and Objectives: Today, strategic planning is considered a way to help increase productivity and achieve organizational goals, and it has become more necessary at Farhangian University as a new organization. Therefore, the current research was conducted to develop Farhangian University's strategic educational program. Methods: The research method is mixed, quantitative, and qualitative. The statistical population included all professors, officials, deputies, and education experts of Farhangian University of Alborz Province. In the qualitative section, sixteen people and in the quantitative section, 50 people were selected based on random sampling. The research tool was a semi-structured interview in the qualitative part and a researcher-made questionnaire with reliability (0.943) in the quantitative part. Findings: Findings showed that threats (3.49), weaknesses (3.48), strengths (3.22), and opportunities (3.21) are more effective, respectively. As a result, a suitable teaching strategy at Farhangian University is a defensive strategy. The proposed solutions are presented in 4 sections: Conservative (so), Conservative (St), Defensive (wt), and Defensive (WT). Conclusion: As a result, the university has developed quantitatively and qualitatively using a suitable defensive strategy.

This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of self-efficacy training in reducing perfectionism and enhancing self-worth among gifted high school students. A randomized controlled trial design was employed with 40 gifted high school students randomly assigned to either an intervention group (n = 20) or a control group (n = 20). The intervention group participated in an eight-session self-efficacy training program, while the control group received no intervention. Both groups were assessed at baseline, immediately post-intervention, and at a four-month follow-up. Perfectionism and self-worth were measured using validated scales. Data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA and Bonferroni post-hoc tests. The intervention group showed a significant reduction in perfectionism scores from baseline (M = 72.45, SD = 5.28) to post-intervention (M = 64.32, SD = 6.15) and follow-up (M = 66.89, SD = 5.92) compared to the control group, which showed no significant change. Similarly, self-worth scores in the intervention group increased significantly from baseline (M = 32.19, SD = 4.15) to post-intervention (M = 38.45, SD = 3.92) and follow-up (M = 36.98, SD = 4.20), whereas the control group showed no significant change. The ANOVA results indicated significant main effects of time (F(2, 76) = 27.12, p < .001) and group (F(1, 76) = 102.95, p < .001) for perfectionism, and time (F(2, 76) = 24.65, p < .001) and group (F(1, 76) = 111.30, p < .001) for self-worth, with significant interaction effects for both variables. Self-efficacy training is effective in reducing perfectionism and enhancing self-worth among gifted high school students. The positive effects were maintained at a four-month follow-up, suggesting the potential long-term benefits of such interventions in this population.

This study aims to explore the experiences of special education teachers in implementing differentiated instruction (DI) within mixed-ability classrooms. This qualitative research utilized a phenomenological approach to gain in-depth insights into the participants' experiences. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 25 special education teachers from various schools in a metropolitan area. Participants were selected through purposive sampling to ensure they had significant experience with DI. The interviews, each lasting 60 to 90 minutes, were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using thematic analysis. The data collection continued until theoretical saturation was achieved, ensuring a comprehensive understanding of the teachers' experiences. The analysis revealed three main themes: challenges in differentiated instruction, strategies for effective differentiation, and perceived effectiveness and outcomes. Teachers reported significant challenges, including resource limitations, managing student diversity, assessment difficulties, increased workload, and issues with parental involvement. To address these challenges, teachers employed strategies such as flexible grouping, curriculum adaptation, professional development, collaborative planning, and enhancing student engagement. The perceived effectiveness of DI included improved student progress, positive changes in classroom dynamics, increased teacher satisfaction, and greater inclusivity. Differentiated instruction is a vital approach in mixed-ability classrooms, promoting equitable learning opportunities for all students. Despite the challenges, the strategic implementation of DI leads to significant positive outcomes in student performance and classroom inclusivity. Schools should support teachers through professional development, adequate resources, and collaborative opportunities to enhance the effectiveness of DI. Further research should focus on larger, diverse samples and mixed-methods approaches to provide a more comprehensive understanding of DI practices.

The objective of this study was to explore the nutritional challenges and eating habits of children with Sensory Processing Disorders (SPD) through qualitative analysis. The focus was on identifying specific sensory sensitivities, emotional and behavioral impacts, and effective management strategies to improve nutritional outcomes. This qualitative study involved semi-structured interviews with caregivers of 20 children aged 4-12 years diagnosed with SPD. Participants were recruited from pediatric therapy centers, support groups, and online forums. Data were collected until theoretical saturation was reached. The interviews were transcribed and analyzed using thematic analysis to identify key themes and patterns related to eating behaviors and nutritional challenges. The analysis revealed five main sensory challenges impacting eating habits: texture sensitivity, taste sensitivity, smell sensitivity, visual sensitivity, and temperature sensitivity. Emotional and behavioral impacts included mealtime anxiety, food refusal, and social isolation. Various strategies were employed by parents and professionals to manage these challenges, such as implementing food routines, gradual food exposure, and sensory integration therapy. The study also highlighted nutritional deficiencies and growth concerns associated with restricted diets in children with SPD, as well as success stories where tailored interventions led to improvements in eating habits and overall nutritional status. Children with SPD face significant sensory, emotional, and behavioral challenges that impact their eating habits and nutritional intake. Tailored interventions that address individual sensory profiles and involve a collaborative approach between parents, educators, and healthcare professionals are crucial for managing these challenges effectively. The study underscores the need for ongoing research and practical strategies to support better nutritional outcomes for children with SPD.

هدف پژوهش حاضر، بررسی نقش مهارت های یادگیری وحل مسأله اجتماعی درخلاقیت اجتماعی دانش آموزان دوره ابتدایی بود. پژوهش به شیوه همبستگی انجام گرفت. جامعه آماری دانش آموزان ابتدایی شهرستان کهنوج استان کرمان به تعداد11568 نفر بودند. شرکت کنندگان پژوهش271نفر(شامل146دخترو133پسر) از دانش آموزان پنجم و ششم ابتدایی بودند که باروش نمونه گیری تصادفی خوشه ای انتخاب شدند. ابزارپژوهش مقیاس مهارت های یادگیری(احمدی،1396)، سیاهه حل مسأله اجتماعی( دیزوریلا ونزو،2002) و تکلیف خلاقیت اجتماعی(ماچیراد و لیوبرت،2002) بود. برای تعیین پایایی و روایی از روش آلفای کرونباخ و همبستگی استفاده شد. نتایج نشان داد رابطه معناداری بین خلاقیت اجتماعی با مشاهده(۰۵/۰p≤ ، ۱۴/۰=r)ِ، فرضیه سازی(۰۱/۰p≤ ، ۳۵/۰=r)، تفسیر(۰۵/۰p≤ ، ۱۱/۰=r)ِ وبرقراری ارتباط(۰۱/۰p≤ ، ۲۱/۰=r)ِ وجود دارد. بین خلاقیت اجتماعی و حل مسأله سازنده(۰۱/۰p≤ ، ۳۴/۰=r)ِ و حل مسأله غیرسازنده(۰۱/۰p≤ ۲۸/۰-=r) همبستگی وجوددارد. نتایج رگرسیون گام به گام نشان داد فرضیه سازی 26 درصدو فرضیه سازی و مهارت برقراری بایکدیگر 32درصداز واریانس خلاقیت اجتماعی راپیش بینی نمودند. حل مسأله سازنده 35 درصد و حل مسأله سازنده و حل مسأله غیرسازنده بایکدیگر38 درصد از واریانس خلاقیت اجتماعی راتبیین نمودند. درنهایت رگرسیون همزمان نشان داددر مجموع مهارت های یادگیری و حل مسأله اجتماعی، 30 درصد واریانس خلاقیت اجتماعی را از طریق فرضیه سازی، برقراری ارتباط و حل مسأله سازنده تبیین نمودند. براساس یافته های پژوهش خلاقیت اجتماعی بعنوان متغیری که برگرفته از توانمندی شناختی افراد در حل مسائل اجتماعی است از طریق دو متغیر مهارت های یادگیری وحس مسأله اجتماعی قابل تبیین است.

مطالعه حاضر با هدف رابطه انسجام روانی و تحمل پریشانی با گرایش به رفتارهای پرخطر در دانش آموزان متوسطه دوم شهرستان انار انجام شد. روش پژوهش توصیفی از نوع همبستگی بود. بر این اساس تعداد 302 نفر به روش نمونه گیری در دسترس انتخاب و به پرسشنامه رفتار پرخطر (زاده محمدی و همکاران، 1386) و پرسشنامه های احساس انسجام آنتونوسکی (1987) و تحمل پریشانی سیمونز و گاهر (2005) پاسخ دادند. از ضریب همبستگی پیرسون، همبستگی کانونی و رگرسیون گام به گام جهت تحلیل داده ها استفاده شد. یافته ها نشان داد رابطه بین تحمل پریشانی با رفتار پرخطر و مولفه های گرایش به مواد مخدر، گرایش به الکل، منفی و معنی دار است، همچنین رابطه بین انسجام روانی با رفتار پرخطر و مولفه های گرایش به رانندگی خطرناک، گرایش به خشنونت، گرایش به سیگار، گرایش به مواد مخدر، گرایش به الکل، گرایش به رابطه و رفتار جنسی و گرایش به رابطه با جنس مخالف، منفی و معنی دار است. نتایج نشان داد که از طریق تقویت انسجام روانی و تحمل پریشانی می توان گرایش به رفتارهای پرخطر را در دانش آموزان کاهش داد.