درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

This study aims to explore the insights of educators on the implementation and impact of peer-mediated instructional strategies within inclusive education settings. A qualitative research design was employed, involving semi-structured interviews with 22 educators currently working in inclusive educational settings. Participants were selected through purposive sampling to ensure a diverse representation of experience with peer-mediated instructional strategies. Data collection continued until theoretical saturation was achieved. The interviews were transcribed verbatim and subjected to thematic analysis to identify key themes and subthemes related to the implementation, benefits, and challenges of peer-mediated instructional strategies. The study identified five key implementation strategies: training and professional development, collaborative planning, resource availability, student pairing, and monitoring and feedback mechanisms. Educators reported numerous benefits, including academic improvement, social skills development, increased inclusion and acceptance, peer leadership, motivation and engagement, and behavioral improvements. However, they also highlighted significant challenges, such as time constraints, lack of resources, diverse student needs, teacher preparedness, peer dynamics, administrative support, and difficulties in evaluation and assessment. Based on these findings, the study recommends policy changes, enhanced teacher training programs, the development of collaborative networks, flexible implementation models, and increased student involvement. Peer-mediated instructional strategies show great potential for enhancing inclusive education by fostering academic and social benefits for all students. However, successful implementation requires addressing challenges related to resource availability, teacher preparedness, and administrative support. By prioritizing comprehensive training, collaborative planning, and adequate resources, educators and policymakers can improve the effectiveness of inclusive education practices.

This research was conducted with the aim of investigating the role of digital leadership and technology flexibility in intelligent decision-making with the mediation of intellectual ethics and team reception. The research method is quantitative, descriptive and of the type of correlation studies based on the covariance-oriented structural equation modeling approach. The research population was all the elementary principals of Kermanshah province, of those 320 principals were selected through stratified random sampling based on Cochran's formula. To collect data, researcher-made questionnaires of digital leadership, technological flexibility, intelligent decision-making, intellectual ethics and team reception Soltani (2008) were used. The content validity of the questionnaires was confirmed by experts, supervisors and consultants. The reliability of the questionnaires according to Cronbach's Alpha was 0.94 for digital leadership, 0.91 for technology flexibility, 0.95 for intelligent decision making, 0.93 for intellectual ethics, and 0.89 for team reception.  To analyze the data, the descriptive as well as inferential analysis techniques were used through SPSS and LISREL software. Structural equation modeling showed that digital leadership has a direct effect on team reception, intellectual ethics and intelligent decision making. Moreover, digital leadership has an indirect effect on intelligent decision-making through team reception and intellectual ethics. The flexibility of technology has a direct impact on intellectual ethics, team reception and intelligent decision making. Technology flexibility has an indirect effect on intelligent decision-making through intellectual ethics and team reception. Intellectual ethics has a direct impact on team reception and intelligent decision making. Intellectual ethics has an indirect effect on intelligent decision making through team reception. Team reception has a positive and direct effect on intelligent decision-making. Finally, the research model has a good model fit