درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

The present research was conducted with the aim of improving economic governance in the country's sports based on marketing factors. The participants in this research consisted of individuals with expertise in the field of sports economics. The data collection tool used in this research was semi-structured interviews. To analyze the qualitative data, thematic analysis was employed. The results of this research indicate that in the context of specialized and human facilitators aimed at enhancing economic governance, the main concepts identified include attention to global structures in sports, scientific processes, supportive systems, and managerial systems. In total, 21 components were identified for improving economic governance in the country's sports based on marketing factors, concerning the specialized and human facilitators aimed at enhancing economic governance. Moreover, in terms of foundational, structural, and organizational capabilities concerning the objectives of economic governance, the main concepts identified include expanding penetration rates, building trust, budgeting, and social incentives in sports. A total of 16 components of economic governance in the country's sports, based on marketing factors, were identified. Additionally, regarding the quality of communications in achieving the goals of economic governance, the main concepts included inter-sectoral cooperation, creating a social economy, and informational aspects. In total, 12 components of economic governance in the country's sports, based on marketing factors, were identified in relation to the quality of communications in achieving the goals of economic governance.

The current study's prime objective was to assess virtual reality games' impact on the mental skills of elite athletes during the COVID-19 pandemic. In this study, 228 elite athletes were randomly selected and divided into four groups of 57 controls and experiments. All subjects in the control and experimental groups received virtual reality games for 15 minutes for ten sessions; then, each group was re-examined. The control group performed a follow-up test according to the posttest after two weeks using the Ottawa mental skills assessment questionnaire (OMSAT-3), and repeated measures analysis of covariance and Bonferroni post hoc test were used to test the hypothesis (P≤0.05). The results obtained using repeated measures analysis of covariance and Bonferroni post hoc test showed that virtual reality games influenced elite athletes' mental skills in COVID. From these findings, it can be said that virtual reality games can improve the mental skills of elite athletes during COVID-19

As people get older some may experience reduced mobility and more physical challenges that can affect their quality of life negatively. The research focused on investigating how two different types of training programs sensori-motor and Otago affect the abilities, functional balance and overall well being of men.This study was semi-experimental. This research included 45 men aged 65 to 70 who were selected in an accessible and purposeful and then randomly divided into three groups.. With 15 individuals, in each group, for sensorimotor training group the Otago training group and a control group. Respective exercise groups underwent a total of 24 training sessions done in 8 weeks. To measure abilities and being impact effectively, in this study various assessment methods were used such as Short Physical Performance Battery (SPBB) tests together with time up and go (TUG) evaluations besides implementing SF36 quality of life survey questionnaire. ANOVA and paired sample t-tests were done for data analysis with a significance level set at p≤ 0.05 using SPSS software version 23. The outcomes showed a Significant different, in groups prior and post exercise experimental (p=0.001). Significant variations were noted in the test results when comparing the sensorimotor and Otago groups to the control group at a significance level of p=0.001 for inter group comparisons; whereas no notable variations were observed among the groups during the pre test phase.Both sensorimotor and Otago exercises effectively enhance physical performance, functional balance, and quality of life in elderly men. Since no significant difference was found between the two experimental groups, it can be concluded that either type of exercise can be beneficial for improving these aspects of

Background: Dynamic knee valgus (DKV) is due to the weakness of the thigh abductor muscles and the vastus medialis muscle, which increases the internal rotation of the thigh and increases the possibility of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. The amount of DKV in women is higher than men, which is one of the reasons for the possibility of more injury in women. Aim: The aim of the present study was the effect of acute soccer functional fatigue on knee and trunk kinematic factors in female soccer players with and without DKV during single leg landing. Materials and Methods: The present study is quasi-experimental research conducted on 28 female soccer players who were selected using purposeful and convenience sampling. They were classified into two groups with and without DKV. The subjects performed a single leg soccer landing, and the kinematic changes of the participants' trunk and knees were recorded through high-speed video cameras (SONY camera) in two sagittal and frontal planes and analyzed by Kinovea software. The data were analyzed in SPSS-26 software using a mixed ANOVA statistical test.Results The results revealed a significant interaction effect between fatigue conditions and groups on knee and trunk joint angles in frontal plane in the initial contact with the ground in single leg landing. The results showed that fatigue significantly reduced knee flexion and increased knee valgus and trunk lateral flexion increased significantly after fatigue. Conclusion: The results indicated the acute effect of fatigue on knee and trunk kinematics of female soccer players with DKV. Therefore, by increasing the amount of knee and trunk flexion and correcting the landing technique, the possibility of ACL injury in fatigue can be reduced.