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Shaykh Ṣadūq has his specific methods and criteria for semantic analysis of the Gharīb (unfamiliar) terms in the field of hadith in general, and in the area of interpretation and semantics of vocabulary in particular; recognizing his methods and criteria in the semantic analysis of Gharīb words in the Holy Quran and the sayings of the impeccable Imams (AS) leads to the discovery of new approaches and the presentation of a more precise image of his methods and criteria in semantic analysis. Among his remaining works, one can find some of his views. The present study aims to observe and discover the types of explanations of Gharīb words in the thoughts of Shaykh Ṣadūq. To this aim was used a descriptive-analytical method and data collection is library-based. The result indicated that he used methods such as: Utilizing Shia theological arguments, defining examples for words, leveraging Arabic culture and literature, interpreting Gharīb words according to the companions, followers of the Imams (AS), and his scholars, highlighting grammatical points, using the sayings of the impeccable Imams (AS), stating all semantic aspects of a word, and preferring one meaning over others. Through his specific criteria, Shaykh Ṣadūq has been able to reach the core meaning and interpretive significance of Gharīb words.

The Qur'an, like other holy books, has smaller sections that are called "Surahs" based on the Qur'anic verses. The significant and privileged position of the Qur'an is accepted by all Islamic religions, and the effort to preserve this position, along with the divinity of its words, has caused most of the debates that refer to the structure of the Qur'an to be considered Tawfīqī (non-arbitrary) matters. The arrangement of the verses and the scope of the Surahs is one of the things that there is a consensus on their being non-arbitrary; However, there are two general views regarding the naming of the Surahs of the Qur'an. Most of the Qur'anic scholars believe that based on narrative and rational reasons, the naming of Surahs is one of the non-arbitrary matters; while some experts have considered it as a matter of ijtihād2. The acceptance of each point of view will have different jurisprudential effects. This research is of a qualitative type and has investigated the mentioned issue through a descriptive-analytical method based on content analysis. This study by inferring the arguments of both views and relying on the historical analysis of the stages of naming the Surahs of the Qur'an, has preferred the view of Ijtihādī-oriented naming. Of the most important jurisprudential effects of accepting ijtihād in naming Surahs of the Qur'an is the permissibility of accepting new names for Surahs, the point that the Qur'anic names do not imply the valuing of people or the subject, the impossibility of inferring jurisprudential rulings by referring to the names of the Surahs or proving the virtue of names, etc.

One of the internal divisions of the Qur’anic text is the rukūʿ , which, as a semantic unit, provides significant potential for rereading the text and uncovering new interpretive levels. Nevertheless, this division has been largely neglected in many contemporary Qur’anic codices and rarely addressed in Qur’anic studies. The present study aims to propose and apply an approach of Qur’anic interpretation based on rukūʿ analysis, focusing on the tenth rukūʿ of Surah al-Naḥl (Q. 16:71–76). Conducted through a descriptive-analytical approach, the research proceeds in three stages: first, elaborating the proposed approach of understanding the Qur’an through rukūʿ units; second, applying this approach to the tenth rukūʿ of Surah al-Naḥl as a paragraph-like semantic unit; and third, assessing the findings by comparing them with the exegetical categorizations of other commentators. The results indicate that verses 71–76 of Surah al-Naḥl form a structurally and thematically coherent passage that can be identified as an independent semantic unit. Within this framework, the topic sentence, supporting statements, transitional sentence, and concluding sentences were identified. Furthermore, a comparative critique of three exegetes’ approaches revealed that neglecting rukūʿ divisions in existing commentaries has often led to semantic discontinuity, disruption of textual coherence, deviation from the surah’s main objective, and reader confusion. Accordingly, it can be concluded that a rukūʿ -based reading of Qur’anic surahs not only highlights the thematic independence of each semantic unit but also ensures their internal coherence and contributes to identifying the overarching purpose of the surah. This approach may thus serve as an effective model for Qur’anic exegesis and a means of avoiding the interpretive challenges resulting from fragmented exegetical categorizations.

The Qur’an encompasses a multitude of valuable teachings that serve as essential guidance for Muslims. To fully derive benefits from this divine source, a comprehensive and continuous engagement is imperative. The present study aimed to develop and standardize the "Familiarity with the Qur’an Questionnaire" (FwQQ) and to investigate its factorial structure. Utilizing the insights of Qur’an teachers, experts, and lecturers of Qur'anic studies with seminary degrees from Saqqez County, the characteristics of individuals familiar with the Qur’an were identified. Based on these characteristics, a 22-item questionnaire was developed. A total of 434 primary and secondary school teachers as well as Qur’anic studies instructors from Saqqez, selected through multi-stage cluster sampling, participated in the study and completed the questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS and LISREL software through exploratory factor analysis (EFA) (including principal component analysis (PCA) with varimax rotation), and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) (using fit indices). The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) test indicated that the data were suitable for factor  analysis. Additionally,  PCA with varimax  rotation revealed that the FwQQ comprises two factors: "Learning and Teaching the Qur’an," and "Tendency towards the Qur’an and Contemplation on It." These results were also supported by CFA, demonstrating a good fit between the data and the two-factor model. The reliability of the questionnaire, calculated using Cronbach's alpha, was found to be 0.97 for the overall scale, 0.93 for the first factor, and 0.96 for the second factor. This validated instrument holds promise for future research exploring the role of Familiarity with the Qur’an in various psychological and social contexts.

The Holy Qur’an provides extensive descriptions of paradise as created by God for humanity. These descriptions not only emphasize material rewards but also highlight spiritual blessings that fulfill human emotional and psychological needs. This study investigates the realization of Qur’anic conceptual and spatial indicators of gardens in the design of Persian gardens, addressing the following questions: What are the conceptual and spatial indicators of gardens in Qur’anic verses? To what extent have these indicators been realized in Persian gardens? Using a descriptive-analytical methodology with a comparative approach, the Qur’anic verses and their interpretations were analyzed to identify key indicators of paradise gardens. These indicators were categorized into two groups: mental and intrinsic perceptions, such as feelings of security, health, eternity, spiritual tranquility, spiritual wealth, reflection on divine  blessings, and  recreation; and visual and spatial perceptions, including expansiveness, the attractiveness of greenery, scenic beauty, and decorative aspects of the garden. The study assessed these indicators through a survey of 200 visitors to eleven historical Persian gardens, utilizing an 11-item questionnaire. Data were analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The findings reveal a significant alignment between the Qur’anic descriptions of paradise and the perceptions of visitors to Persian gardens. Mental and intrinsic components were found to have a greater impact than visual and spatial components in reflecting the spirituality and Qur’anic teachings embedded in Persian gardens. Among the mental and intrinsic elements, the sense of security emerged as the most influential factor, while scenic beauty ranked as the most impactful visual and spatial feature.