درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Teaching English for specific purposes has always been challenging as it involves a skill-based teaching methodology to develop learning and use specific grammar and lexicon to understand texts in specialized texts. As for other professions, teaching EFL learners about tourism and hotel management also requires the acquisition of vocabulary, grammar, and general communication skills in varied situations and contexts. To this end, this paper focuses on the comparison and assessment of vocabulary inferring skills of ESP learners majoring in Tourism and Hotel management. To conduct the present study, 10 contextualized vocabulary items were selected, then the VKS test (Vocabulary Knowledge Scale; Wesche & Paribakht, 1996) was administered to 56 Iranian students of Tourism and Hotel Management studying at Islamic Azad University, South Tehran branch. It was hypothesized that learners who show better general English language knowledge perform more skillfully in inferring the meaning of specialized words in Tourism and hotel management texts than less competent ones. Descriptive as well as inferential statistics proved the hypothesis. The results of the present research have implications for ESP learners and teachers as well as materials developers of Tourism and Hotel management textbooks.

The development of geo-tourism in the southeast of the Caspian seaboard with a special view on the therapeutic potential of mud volcanoes by geochemical and mineralogical methods for the first time was studied (Case study: Naftlicheh mud volcano). The results of mineralogical and geochemical studies carried out by XRF&XRD methods show that Naftlicheh mud volcano has no significant toxic substances and its main minerals are quartz, calcite, dolomite, halite, clay minerals such as smectite and illite. There is a high amount of elements such as boron, copper, iodine, bromine, vanadium, magnesium, sodium, calcium, organic acids, aromatic hydrocarbons, and bicarbonate. So Naftlicheh mud volcano has a therapeutic aspect and can be one of the essential destinations for curative geo-tourism. In addition to therapeutic effects, mud volcano contains essential scientific information about evaluating gas and oil reservoirs, salt domes and the tectonic situation of the region (faults and subduction) therefore as an educational geo-site can attract a large number of domestic and foreign tourists and geo-tourists. Also, in line with geo-tourism development of the Naftlicheh volcanic mud area, some guidelines are suggested, such as: Presenting media publicity nationally and internationally about the therapeutic potential of Naftlicheh mud volcano.

Purpose- The main goal of this article is to investigate the effects of the corona pandemic on the resilience of the livelihood of the villagers of the Oraman District of Sarvabad County. Moreover, the study aimed to measure the villagers' resilience and ability to adapt to crises and propose solutions to improve their livelihood resilience.Design/methodology/approach- The research approach is a mixed method of quantitative and qualitative methods. Data collection was theoretical, using documentary and survey methods. The statistical population of the research include three groups of local people (300 people according to Cochran's method), development officials (18 people according to the targeted method), and experts of the region (12 people according to the targeted method).Findings- Data analysis using inferential statistics tests (chi-square, Friedman rank, Pearson correlation) showed that two components gained averages of 2.63 and 2.72 at a significance level of 0.01. Therefore, the livelihood resilience of the villagers in Oraman District is in a bad situation in both dimensions of confrontation and adaptation. Also, the results suggest a direct, positive and significant relationship between the reduction of both dimensions of livelihood resilience and the overall livelihood resilience of the villagers.Practical implications- The leading solution to improve the livelihood resilience of the villagers in the region against crises is to change the managerial perspective of crisis management from a traditional and passive approach to a new proactive approach. To this end, in addition to training development managers, there is a need to train locals and form a crisis management unit headquarters with adequate performance, efficiency and up-to-date knowledge and awareness.Originality/Value- Livelihood resilience is major in achieving livelihood sustainability to ensure the optimal quality of life and the living environment. One of the pressures on the livelihood system of the villagers in the last two years was the Corona pandemic. Therefore, identifying these effects and planning to solve them can help to reduce the vulnerability and thus increase the livelihood resilience of the villagers.