درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

زبان شناسی

حوزه‌های تخصصی
ادبیات اقتصاد تاریخ تربیت بدنی جغرافیا حقوق روانشناسی زبان شناسی علم اطلاعات و دانش‌شناسی علوم اجتماعی علوم اسلامی علوم انسانی علوم تربیتی علوم سیاسی فلسفه و منطق مدیریت مطالعات زنان هنر و معماری
زبان شناسی چیست؟ زبان شناسی کاربردی زبان شناسی نظری سیر تحول زبان شناسی (تاریخچه) علوم مرتبط میان رشته ای ها نقد و بررسی کتاب
ترتیب بر اساس: جدیدترینپربازدیدترین
فیلترهای جستجو: فیلتری انتخاب نشده است.
نمایش ۱۴۱ تا ۱۶۰ مورد از کل ۱۱٬۱۰۲ مورد.
۱۴۱.

کاربست معنی شناسی توزیعی در قرآن، مطالعه نمونه موردی ریشه- واژه «فرح»(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: جستارهای زبانی دوره ۱۶ بهمن و اسفند ۱۴۰۴ شماره ۶ (پیاپی ۹۰) 43 - 72

کلیدواژه‌ها: معنی شناسی توزیعی بردار بافتی مشابهت معنایی قرآن فرح

حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۱۳ تعداد دانلود : ۱۱
معنی شناسی توزیعی، روشی نوساختگراست که برای شناخت معنی، به کاربرد واژگان در متون واقعی توجّه دارد و به کارگیری آن، حدود معنایی یک واژه را در مقایسه با دیگر واژگان مشخص می کند. ازآنجاکه یکی از اهداف معنی شناسی قرآن، شناخت واژگان با توجّه به بافت کاربردی آن هاست، بهره گیری از این روش در قرآن اهمّیّت می یابد. در این پژوهش به منظور معرّفی چگونگی کاربست معنی شناسی توزیعی در قرآن، با روش توصیفی- تحلیلی، گام های پیاده سازی این روش در قرآن، چالش ها و راهکار هایی برای برون رفت از آن، با بررسی یک نمونه موردی تشریح شده است. گام های اجرای روش در قرآن عبارت اند از: تعیین واژگانی برای مقایسه با واژه اصلی، تعیین ویژگی های توزیعی (سوره معادل سند، و عبارت)، پیش پردازش زبانی متن قرآنی و حذف ایست واژه ها، تشکیل بردار بافتی و ماتریس هم وقوعی و وزن دهی عناصر آن، اندازه گیری مشابهت معنایی واژگان و تحلیل آن. مهم ترین چالش های استفاده از روش توزیعی در قرآن، حجم کم پیکره قرآنی، عدم وجود نرم افزار مناسب جهت انجام محاسبات و تفاوت زیاد طول سوره ها در الگوی واژه-سند است. توجّه بیشتر به مبنای روش توزیعی در متن قرآن، عدم استفاده از این روش برای واژگان بسیار کم بسامد و مقایسه نتایج به دست آمده از الگوی واژه-سند و واژه-عبارت، راهکارهایی برای برون رفت از برخی چالش هاست. اجرای روش توزیعی برای ریشه- واژه فرح در قرآن، تفاوت معنای به دست آمده از بافت قرآنی (نزدیک به حوزه معنایی تکبّر)، نسبت به معنای غالبی ذکرشده در لغت نامه ها (شادی) را نشان می دهد.
۱۴۲.

Job Crafting as a Tool for Cultivating Reflective Teaching: Insights from Iranian EFL Teachers(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: Applied Research on English Language, V. ۱۴, N. ۱ , ۲۰۲۵ 53 - 80

کلیدواژه‌ها: EFL Teachers Grounded theory approach Job Crafting Intervention Teachers' Attitudes Positive Psychology Reflective teaching

حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۱۰۵ تعداد دانلود : ۸۶
This study explores Iranian EFL teachers' perceptions of integrating job crafting interventions with reflective teaching to enhance their teaching practices and well-being. Using a grounded theory approach, 25 experienced EFL teachers (minimum 5 years of teaching experience) were selected through purposive sampling to participate in a multi-phased intervention based on the PERMA model. The intervention included training workshops, self-set job crafting assignments, and reflective practices. Data were collected through semi-structured and focus-group interviews and analyzed to identify recurring themes. The findings revealed three themes: 1) reflective mindset, 2) sense of belonging and engagement, and 3) reflective avoidance. Results indicate that job crafting improved teachers' self-efficacy, motivation, and resilience, though some experienced challenges in implementation. Practical implications suggest incorporating job crafting strategies into teacher training programs to foster reflective teaching and enhance teacher well-being. This research contributes to the field by bridging positive psychology and reflective practices in SLA contexts, emphasizing the value of teacher-centered interventions in professional development.
۱۴۳.

Challenges and Opportunities of Technology-mediated Language Learning: Iranian ESP Students' Views in Focus

نویسنده:
منبع: Journal Of English Language and Literature Teaching, Volume ۴, Issue ۲, December ۲۰۲۵ 110 - 128

کلیدواژه‌ها: remote learning in-person learning Learning challenges learning opportunities ESP students

حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۹ تعداد دانلود : ۸
Technology-mediated learning experiences are becoming a norm for today’s language learning. In the technology-mediated society, the production and transformation of information is not restricted to published works, but to anyone with access to basic technology resources. This study was an endeavor to explore the ESP (English for Specific Purposes) learners' overall views of technology-mediated language learning. The research also focused on the overall idea of the participants about the challenges and opportunities of remote learning. To this end, the current mixed-methods study was used. The data-gathering tools included a related questionnaire and interview. By scrutinizing satisfaction levels, benefits, drawbacks, and skill preferences, the study sheds light on the nuanced dynamics of remote learning. Results of the study indicated a high satisfaction level among participants with remote education. The study further demonstrated a prior recognition of benefits over drawbacks. Notably, vocabulary and reading emerged as preferred skills for virtual learning. In summary, this study contributes to the understanding of ESP students' views in the context of remote learning, offering remote education that can be an educational strategy for the future.
۱۴۴.

بررسی فرایند تکرار در گویش تالشی جنوبی (شاندرمنی) بر مبنای نظریه بهینگی(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: زبان شناسی و گویش های ایرانی سال ۱۰ بهار ۱۴۰۴ شماره ۱ (پیاپی ۱۶) 23 - 36

کلیدواژه‌ها: الگوهای ساختاری فرایند تکرار گویش تالشی جنوبی محدودیت نظریه بهینگی

حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۳۸ تعداد دانلود : ۵۰
فرایند تکرار یکی از فرایندهای زایا و زیر شاخه واژه سازی است. این فرایند به خاطر زایایی در بیشتر زبان ها وجود دارد و از دیدگاه ها و نظریه های مختلف تحلیل و تبیین شده است. یکی از این نظریه ها، نظریه بهینگی است که به دنبال کشف شباهت های زبان ها و گویش های گوناگون است. پژوهش حاضر نیز به تحلیل و توصیف فرایند تکرار در گویش تالشی جنوبی (شاندرمنی) یکی از شاخه های زبان تالشی از حوزه زبان های شمال غربی ایران در چارچوب نظریه بهینگی می پردازد. در این مطالعه روش پژوهش توصیفی-تحلیلی است و داده های زبانی از متون و واژه نامه های گویش تالشی جنوبی و همچنین گفتگوی روزمره گویشوران تالشی گردآوری شده اند. در تحلیل از شمّ زبانی یکی از مؤلفین که خود گویشور بومی است، استفاده شده است. تحلیل داده ها گویای آن است که در گویش تالشی جنوبی فرایند تکرار کامل افزوده و ناافزوده قابل مشاهده است. در ادامه محدودیت های مرتبط با هر کدام از فرایندها شناسایی شده و با توجه به الگوی ساختاری هر یک در تابلوهای بهینگی رتبه بندی شده اند. یافته های این تحقیق، کارآمدی نظریه بهینگی در تحلیل انواع فرایند تکرار را نشان می دهد. بر اساس نتایج حاصل از این پژوهش می توان پی برد که چگونه در تبیین ساخت انواع متفاوت فرایند تکرار در تالشی جنوبی از محدودیت های خاص پایایی و نشانداری، با سلسله مراتب خاص استفاده می شود.
۱۴۵.

Convenience Editing in Medical Sciences: Professional Expertise vis-à-vis Linguistic Virtuosity(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: جستارهای زبانی دوره ۱۶ فروردین و اردیبهشت ۱۴۰۴ شماره ۱ (پیاپی ۸۵) 161 - 189

کلیدواژه‌ها: convenience editing EFL Teachers medical field specialists medical research articles medical sciences

حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۳۳۷ تعداد دانلود : ۳۵۳
This study strived to specify and particularize Iranian medical field specialists and EFL teachers’ predominant and overriding textual interventions, which fall within the ambit of convenience editing. To this end, we required 20 field specialists and 20 EFL instructors to edit the unedited versions of 80 published medical research articles in a way that rendered them apt for publication in quality medical journals. We categorized the obtained data of the edited articles using an editing strategy framework that distinguished four editing micro-strategies and five macro-strategies. The findings revealed that medical specialists and EFL teachers’ micro-editing strategies outnumbered their macro-editing ones. Furthermore, there were significant differences between the editing micro-strategy uses of the above-mentioned groups of the participants. The results highlighted the need for a synergic collaboration between the medical field specialists and the EFL teachers to ameliorate medical articles’ formal, stylistic, and genre-related features and to expedite their publication process. 
۱۴۶.

Enhancing Well-being: Exploring the Influence of Teacher Growth Mindset and Grit among EFL Instructors in Iran(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: جستارهای زبانی دوره ۱۶ فروردین و اردیبهشت ۱۴۰۴ شماره ۱ (پیاپی ۸۵) 219 - 247

کلیدواژه‌ها: Teacher growth mindset Teacher grit well-being EFL Teachers SEM

حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۴۰۱ تعداد دانلود : ۳۹۲
The primary objective of this research was to explore how the mindsets and perseverance of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) teachers in Iran impact their well-being. Using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), data from 375 EFL teachers, selected through convenience sampling, were analyzed. The results revealed a direct and positive correlation between a teacher's growth mindset and their well-being. Additionally, the study found that the relationship between a teacher's growth mindset and well-being was influenced by their level of grit. These findings suggest that educators can significantly contribute to fostering growth mindsets and perseverance among EFL teachers, thus improving their well-being. Ultimately, this research underscores the importance of these teacher characteristics in enhancing the well-being of EFL instructors and offers practical guidance for educators aiming to support them.  
۱۴۷.

Iranian EFL Instructors’ and Students’ Experiences with Remote Education: Responses to COVID-19 Pandemic(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: Iranian Journal of Applied Language Studies,Vol ۱۷, No. ۲, ۲۰۲۵ 175 - 201

کلیدواژه‌ها: Covid-19 pandemic English language learning instructors’ perceptions students’ perceptions Vadana-Mediated Learning Management System (VMLMS)

حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۲۹ تعداد دانلود : ۲۷
Grounded in social learning theory, this study examined Iranian English language instructors’ and students’ perceptions of the contribution of Vadana-Mediated Learning Management Systems (VMLMS) as a remote education platform to online English language learning during the COVID-19 pandemic. A total of 54 university EFL instructors and 164 English language students were selected through convenience sampling from Islamic Azad Universities (IAU) in Gilan Province, Iran. To investigate their perceptions of VMLMS, one common questionnaire (for both instructors and students) and two separate questionnaires (one for instructors and one for students) were administered. Exploratory factor analysis was conducted to evaluate the common and instructor questionnaires. Descriptive analyses indicated that both groups held unfavorable perceptions of VMLMS. The results of the MANOVA revealed statistically significant differences between instructors’ and students’ perceptions of VMLMS. The analysis also showed that students agreed they did not receive sufficient support from either instructors or the system. These findings may have implications for universities and educational administrators seeking to facilitate the implementation of online instruction in the Iranian context.
۱۴۸.

Toward a Phylogenetic Taxonomy of the Iranian Languages: A Focus on Kurdish Varieties and Other Related Dialects(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: مطالعات زبان و گویش های غرب ایران سال ۱۳ پاییز ۱۴۰۴ شماره ۵۰ 1 - 22

کلیدواژه‌ها: phylogenetic taxonomy syntactic parameters syntactic distance PCM Iranian languages

حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۴۲ تعداد دانلود : ۴۳
Because of their objective measurement and unambiguous correspondences, syntactic parameters are used as comparanda for deep comparison and relatedness of language varieties. The Parametric Comparison Method (Longobardi & Guardiano, 2009) is based on the hypothesis that syntactic parameters are appropriate traits to use as comparanda for contrastive analysis and distance measurement of language pairs and then to provide language taxonomy. This article addresses the syntactic distance and genealogical taxonomy of language varieties that are closely related genealogically, geographically, and culturally. To analyze relatedness and genealogical issues of Kurdish language varieties and the Persian language, abstract grammatical rules, modeled as syntactic parameters which are applied in the domain of determiner phrase (DP), are used as comparanda. The results show that Laki and Lori are at a close distance from Sorani, and on the other hand, Kurmanji and Kɪrdki are also close syntactically. According to the tree achieved from the syntactic distances, Kurmanji is at one end of the spectrum and Persian is at the other end. Thus, it can be concluded that some preliminary deductions regarding the phylogenetic taxonomy of the Iranian languages and dialects, with a focus on Kurdish language varieties and other related dialects, can be proposed.
۱۴۹.

The MALL Effect on EFL Learners’ Attitudes, Cognitive Load, and Performance in Learning Pronunciation(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: Applied Linguistics Inquiry (ALI), Vol ۳, No ۲, Fall ۲۰۲۵ 158 - 174

کلیدواژه‌ها: Mobile assisted language learning Learners Attitudes Cognitive load pronunciation

حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۲۵ تعداد دانلود : ۲۳
The integration of technology into education, especially in English Language Teaching (ELT), has transformed learning experiences, fostering increased engagement, motivation, and improved outcomes. Mobile-Assisted Language Learning (MALL) has emerged as a promising tool within this paradigm, offering unique opportunities for language learners. This study examines the impact of MALL on the attitudes, cognitive load, and performance of Iranian EFL learners. The participants were divided into treatment and control groups, with the treatment group using the ELSA app for pronunciation improvement. Data were collected through questionnaires, interviews, and pronunciation assessments. The findings revealed that learners had a positive attitude towards pronunciation learning via MALL, experienced a reduction in cognitive load, and demonstrated a negative correlation between cognitive load and pronunciation performance. The integration of technology into education, especially in English Language Teaching (ELT), has transformed learning experiences, fostering increased engagement, motivation, and improved outcomes. Mobile-Assisted Language Learning (MALL) has emerged as a promising tool within this paradigm, offering unique opportunities for language learners. This study examines the impact of MALL on the attitudes, cognitive load, and performance of Iranian EFL learners. The participants were divided into treatment and control groups, with the treatment group using the ELSA app for pronunciation improvement. Data were collected through questionnaires, interviews, and pronunciation assessments. The findings revealed that learners had a positive attitude towards pronunciation learning via MALL, experienced a reduction in cognitive load, and demonstrated a negative correlation between cognitive load and pronunciation performance.
۱۵۰.

Analyse morphologique et narrative du conte de Zahhak, la légende du Roi serpent(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: Recherches en langue française, Vol. ۵, N° ۱۰, printemps-été ۲۰۲۵ 251 - 269

کلیدواژه‌ها: Ferdowsi Propp Zahhak littérature épique structuralisme

حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۶ تعداد دانلود : ۵
Vladimir Propp en tant que structuraliste et folkloriste russe, a bien essayé de formuler un système unique qui fonctionne dans tous les contes sans tenir compte de la divergence entre la langue, la littérature et la culture. Le Livre du Roi ou Shâhnâmeh de Ferdowsî est l’un des chefs-d’œuvre de la littérature persane qui est considéré comme l’héritage et l’identité culturels de notre passé historique. Cette étude a pour but de déterminer si toutes ces structures constantes et les fonctions permanentes proposées par Propp sont applicables à travers une partie de Shâhnâmeh intitulée Zahhak. Propp a développé sa théorie en étudiant les contes populaires, qui ont une structure narrative relativement simple. Shâhnâmeh, étant une œuvre épique, est beaucoup plus complexe. Il serait important d’examiner dans quelle mesure les fonctions de Propp se rapportent à cette narration épique et si certaines d’entre elles sont plus pertinentes que d’autres. En plus, étant donné l’aspect indissociable de la forme et du fond, nous allons mentionner l’impact de l’épopée sur la société iranienne. Cela nous amène à bien analyser aussi les caractéristiques du conte et les notions atemporelles au confluent de la forme et du contenu qui caractérisent l’œuvre de Ferdowsî. Il serait intéressant d’examiner comment une représentation allégorique de la société ainsi que l’imperfection humaine se manifestent à travers le conte de Zahhak.
۱۵۱.

A Comparative Evaluation of Artificial Intelligence Scoring Versus Human Scoring of EFL Students’ Essays(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: Teaching English as a Second Language, Volume ۴۴, Issue ۱, Winter ۲۰۲۵ 97 - 117

کلیدواژه‌ها: Artificial Intelligence writing Essay Scoring writing errors

حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۳۰۷ تعداد دانلود : ۱۶۷
The evaluation of students' writings and the allocation of scores are traditionally time-intensive and inherently subjective, often resulting in inconsistencies among human raters. Automated essay scoring systems were introduced to address these issues; however, their development has historically been resource-intensive, restricting their application to standardized tests such as TOEFL and IELTS. Consequently, these systems were not readily accessible to educators and learners. Recent advancements in Artificial Intelligence (AI) have expanded the potential of automated scoring systems, enabling them to analyze written texts and assign scores with increased efficiency and versatility. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of an AI-based scoring system, DeepAI, with human evaluators. A quantitative approach, grounded in Corder's (1974) Error Analysis framework, was used to analyze approximately 200 essays written by Persian-speaking EFL learners. Paired sample t-tests and Pearson correlation coefficients were employed to assess the congruence between errors identified and scores assigned by the two methods. The findings revealed a moderate correlation between human and AI scores, with AI diagnosing a greater number of errors than human raters. These results underscore the potential of AI in augmenting writing assessment practices while highlighting its pedagogical implications for language instructors and learners, particularly in evaluating the essays of EFL students.
۱۵۲.

گونه کرمانشاهی زبان اشاره ایرانی و تفاوت آن با گونه تهرانی(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: علم زبان سال ۱۲ بهار و تابستان ۱۴۰۴ شماره ۲۱ 145 - 168

کلیدواژه‌ها: زبان اشاره ایرانی مستندسازی زبان کرمانشاه زبان شناسی زبان اشاره

حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۳۱ تعداد دانلود : ۳۳
زبان اشاره ایرانی، زبان اشاره ی جامعه ی ناشنوای ایران است. این زبان دارای گونه های متفاوتی است. در بعضی استان ها این تفاوت گونه بیشتر و در بعضی دیگر کمتر است. گونه ی کرمانشاهی زبان اشاره ایرانی تا کنون مورد مطالعه قرار نگرفته است. مطالعه ی حاضر مستخرج از یک پروژه ی مستند سازی زبان اشاره ایرانی بود که با حمایت موسسه ی مستندسازی زبان های در معرض خطر انجام شد. تعداد ناشنوایان شرکت کننده در این مطالعه 54 نفر بود. در طول جلسات، از شرکت کنندگان خواسته میشد که حروف الفبای دستی را تولید کنند، کلماتی را هجی دستی کنند، داستان فیلم کوتاهی را برای یکدیگر بازگو کنند و گفتگوهای هدایت شده داشته باشند. نتایج این پژوهش نشان داد که به طور کلی گونه ی کرمانشاهی زبان اشاره ی ایرانی برای ناشنوایان مناطق دیگر ایران به راحتی قابل درک است و تفاوت این گونه به حدی نیست که مانع ارتباط متقابل شود. با این حال پس از این پژوهش به تفاوت-های جزئی میان گونه های رایج زبان اشاره ایرانی که تا کنون مطالعه شده اند و گونه رایج در کرمانشاه پی بُردیم.
۱۵۳.

Developments of Political Apologies over the Last Two Decades: A Sociopragmatic Perspective(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: Applied Research on English Language, V. ۱۴, N. ۳ , ۲۰۲۵ 27 - 52

کلیدواژه‌ها: Applied Pragmatics diachronic pragmatics political apologies Speech Acts reconciliation strategies

حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۳۱ تعداد دانلود : ۲۵
Political apologies serve as high-stakes communicative acts, addressing collective wrongdoing while seeking to repair damaged relationships between governments and affected groups. This study explored the evolution of political apologies in the 21st century, analyzing their role as public speech acts that respond to shifting societal and political norms. Despite their increasing prevalence in global politics, limited research has examined how these apologies have adapted linguistically and structurally over time to meet evolving public expectations. This research bridged this gap by employing a diachronic pragmatic approach. A corpus of 222 state-level political apologies, spanning two decades, was analyzed using the Cross-Cultural Speech Act Realization Project (CCSARP) framework, augmented with emerging pragmatic elements. Categorized into five sociopolitical periods, these apologies were coded and analyzed with Atlas.ti to identify shifts in their structural and linguistic components. The findings revealed a consistent use of Illocutionary Force Indicating Devices (IFIDs), alongside a growing emphasis on Explanation or Account and META (Reaffirmation). Novel elements, such as Commemorative Apologies and Forward-Looking Statements, demonstrated how political apologies are increasingly tailored to address systemic injustices and public demands for accountability and reconciliation. Theoretically, the study could enrich pragmatic frameworks by identifying new components of political apologies. Practically, it offers insights for crafting effective apologies that resonate with diverse audiences. This research underscored the adaptability of political apologies, positioning them as tools for fostering societal healing and advancing justice in a rapidly changing world.
۱۵۴.

The Contribution of Literature-based Reading Instruction in Increasing Students’ Learning Performance: Perception and Impact(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: جستارهای زبانی دوره ۱۶ فروردین و اردیبهشت ۱۴۰۴ شماره ۱ (پیاپی ۸۵) 139 - 160

کلیدواژه‌ها: LBI Reading students’ perception learning impact Material

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تعداد بازدید : ۳۰۸ تعداد دانلود : ۲۴۳
Literature theoretically provides many positive contributions that could impact students’ learning performance in reading. It is because literature consists of two fundamental functions that Horace called it dulce et utile (sweet and useful). Besides, literature also contains two important elements, i.e., intrinsic and extrinsic. Integrating these literary elements into literary reading activities builds students’ comprehension skills to analyze various aspects, e.g., character, plot, setting, theme, and stylistics as the intrinsic elements and sociology, psychology, politics, and philosophy as the extrinsic elements. In studying the discourses, this research presented perceptional theory and a study of the LBI approach used in a reading course that analyzed the impacts on students’ learning performance. The methodology used in this research was Cresswell's (2016) mix-method with an explanatory case study approach. To collect the needed data, several instruments were utilized in this research, such as interviews and questionnaires. All the collected data were analyzed using a thematic analysis approach. After collecting, analyzing, and discussing the data, the results demonstrated that students perceived that LBI material was enjoyable, challenging, and contains moral teaching. Furthermore, students also felt that LBI material impacted some good learning performance, i.e., LBI material improved students’ reading skills, triggered students’ critical thinking, and transformed students’ learning attitudes.  
۱۵۵.

Bridging the Gap: A Comparative Analysis of Iranian EFL and ESP Teachers’ Beliefs and Characteristics(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: Applied Linguistics Inquiry (ALI), Vol ۳, No ۱, Spring ۲۰۲۵ 1 - 14

کلیدواژه‌ها: teacher beliefs Teacher Characteristics ESP teachers EFL Teachers language teaching

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تعداد بازدید : ۲۵ تعداد دانلود : ۲۱
The present study attempted to comparatively investigate English as a Foreign Language (EFL) teachers’ and English for Specific Purposes (ESP) teachers’ beliefs about language learning and teaching and their distinctive characteristics. To this end, 150 EFL and ESP teachers, selected randomly from various universities in Iran, were asked to fill out two pilot-tested validated five-point Likert-scale questionnaires, one on beliefs (including 45 items) and the other on characteristics (comprising 16 items). To do multiple-level analysis and triangulate the data for validation purposes, 25 teachers, selected randomly from among the study participants, were also interviewed. The results of (Quantitative data analysis such as Independent Samples t-tests, Chi-Square and Pearson product-moment correlation analyses, as well as qualitative content analysis of interviews) found no significant mismatch between ESP teachers and EFL teachers’ beliefs overall; however, significant differences were found between characteristics of ESP teachers and EFL teachers overall as well as between the specific beliefs and also between specific characteristics of the two groups of the teachers. The results are discussed in detail in the paper, and the implications, which are significant for the field of language education and ESP, and the pertinent implications are presented.
۱۵۶.

Exploring Assessment Practices of Iraqi EFL Teachers: Beliefs, Practices, and Alignment(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: International Journal of Language Testing, Volume ۱۵ , , Issue ۱, March ۲۰۲۵ 107 - 121

کلیدواژه‌ها: Assessment Practices beliefs practices Iraqi EFL teachers

حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۱۶۶ تعداد دانلود : ۹۱
This article delved into the realm of EFL assessment in Iraq by investigating the beliefs of Iraqi EFL teachers about assessment practices they employed in their classroom and determining whether there was any congruency between their beliefs and actual assessment practices. For this purpose, 140 experienced Iraqi EFL teachers were selected by convenience sampling and the data were collected by the Teachers’ Assessment Practices Belief Questionnaire and the Teachers’ Assessment Practices Questionnaire. The findings of Pearson correlation and descriptive analysis revealed that the cognitive level of assessments (e.g., reasoning and application), types of assessments (e.g., portfolios and concept mapping), and evaluation criteria (e.g., improvement and student effort) were highly valued by the teachers. Regarding assessment practices in the classroom, the participants reported obtaining, elucidating, and responding to learning evidence and assisting students to acquire a positive orientation of learning (making learning explicit). Promoting learning autonomy (an expanded opportunity to assume increased autonomy in defining their learning goals and evaluating both their work and that of their peers) was also found in the teachers’ reports. Besides, an interest in assisting students adhere to performance goals stipulated by the curriculum using careful questioning and assessed by scores and grades (performance orientation). Implications and suggestions of the study are discussed in the article.
۱۵۷.

Exploring the Components of Online Classroom Observation: insights from document analysis and EFL teacher observers’ perspectives(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: English Language Teaching and Learning. No. ۳۵, Spring & summer ۲۰۲۵ 137 - 160

کلیدواژه‌ها: EFL Teachers Instructional Design and Delivery Online Classroom Observation Teacher’s Conceptions technology integration

حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۹۶ تعداد دانلود : ۸۶
To identify the effectiveness of online observation for teaching, this study explored teachers’ conceptions of online classroom observation, focusing on the key components, instructional design considerations, and delivery strategies in virtual teaching environments. More particularly, in this multi-method qualitative research design study, the researchers did document analysis of a number of available classroom observation sheets to derive some themes and sub-themes regarding the components of online classroom observation. Subsequently, based on the derived themes, semi-structured interview items were composed. Through purposive sampling, eight Iranian experienced online classroom observers were selected to be interviewed. Using MAXQDA to do content and thematic analysis, the researchers found the eight components of instructional design and delivery, technology integration, student engagement and interaction, professional development and support, feedback provision, assessment of students’ learning and achievement, inclusive practices, and instructor presence and support in the data. Moreover, it was found that the integration of technology was highlighted to optimize observation experiences, student engagement, and instructional support. These findings have implications for professional development programs, re-evaluation of assessment practices, instructor presence, and technology integration in online learning contexts, all of which are crucial for equipping EFL instructors with the skills and knowledge necessary for effective online teaching.
۱۵۸.

اصلاح سیستم آموزش و یادگیری زبان عربی به عنوان زبان دوم در کشور ایران؛ تلاش برای ارائه یک الگوی بهینه(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: جستارهای زبانی دوره ۱۶ مهر و آبان ۱۴۰۴ شماره ۴ (پیاپی ۸۸) 243 - 269

کلیدواژه‌ها: آموزش زبان عربی سیستم آموزش و یادگیری زبان دوم ایران

حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۹۱ تعداد دانلود : ۹۶
آموزش و یادگیری زبان عربی از منظر دینی و قانونی در کشور ایران اهمیت خاصی دارد. از این رو ضروری است که همواره جایگاه این زبان چه در عرصه داخلی و چه در عرصه بین المللی حفظ شود. هدف این مقاله ارائه الگویی برای اصلاح سیستم آموزش و یادگیری زبان عربی به عنوان زبان دوم با تکیه بر شناسایی عوامل پیدا و پنهانِ تأثیرگذار بر آن و نیز شناخت موانع پیش روی این مسئله است. مبنای گردآوری اطلاعات بر روش های کیفی و به طور ویژه انجام مصاحبه های ساختمند با 10 نفر از استادان جامعه شناسی زبان استوار بوده است. تجزیه و تحلیل داده های گردآوری شده با استفاده از فرایند روش تحلیل محتوای کیفی انجام یافته است. از مدل (AHP) و نرم افزار (Expert Choise) نیز جهت وزن بندی مؤلفه های پژوهش استفاده به عمل آمده است. نتایج حاصل از این مقاله نشان می دهد که گرایش به آموزش و یادگیری زبان عربی به عنوان زبان دوم به شدت تحت تأثیر عوامل مبنایی همچون عوامل اجتماعی، روانی و اقتصادی قرار دارد. مقدار ضریب AHP برای شاخص های اجتماعی (0.403)، شاخص های روانی (0.364) و شاخص های اقتصادی (0.234) به دست آمد. نتایج همچنین نشان می دهد که موانع و تنگناهای پیش روی فرایند آموزش و یادگیری زبان دوم در کشور ایران به ترتیب اهمیت در شش حوزه موانع حقوقی، موانع سیاسی، موانع ساختاری، موانع اجتماعی، موانع فرهنگی و موانع اقتصادی شناسایی و طبقه بندی شدند. این نتایج سمت و سوی الگوی بهینه آموزش و یادگیری زبان دوم به ویژه زبان عربی را با رفع موانع و تنگناها به ترتیب اولویت و با نگاهی همه جانبه، فراهم کرد.  
۱۵۹.

Address Culture of Iranian EFL Students and Lecturers in Oral and Written Communication: A Semio-cultural Conceptualization Perspective(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: جستارهای زبانی دوره ۱۶ فروردین و اردیبهشت ۱۴۰۴ شماره ۱ (پیاپی ۸۵) 1 - 28

کلیدواژه‌ها: address forms academic setting oral and written communication Iran

حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۳۹۰ تعداد دانلود : ۲۳۷
Compared to non-academic contexts, the use of address forms in academic settings is insufficiently researched. To fill this gap, the present study investigated the address forms commonly used by students and lecturers in Iranian universities in their oral and written communication. The analytical framework of this study is semio-cultural conceptualization. A qualitative descriptive research design was adopted, which included six open-ended questions. Thirty Iranian EFL lecturers participated in this study, 20 males and 10 females, representing 14 different universities. The average age of the participants was 50. The thematic analysis of the data revealed that in addition to the conventional polite forms, some innovations have emerged in the academic address practice in Iran. While students always addressed their lecturers using respectful forms and honorifics, the lecturers’ address choices varied according to sociolinguistic factors such as the students’ age, gender, degree of intimacy and distance, and educational status. In the majority of cases, the lecturers employed title plus last name; nevertheless, some of them opted for more intimate forms. However, such forms were never reciprocated by students owing to the perceived power dynamics and elevated respect for teachers, which is deeply entrenched in the culturally-constructed conceptualization of the unique teacher-student relationship in Iran. The findings also suggest that the scope of address studies can be expanded to include semio-cultural conceptualizations, such as emotion schema, and symbolism.   
۱۶۰.

Integrated Listening/Speaking Skill Assessment: The Role of Ambiguity Tolerance, Cognitive/Metacognitive Strategy Use, and Foreign Language Anxiety(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: International Journal of Language Testing, Volume ۱۵ , , Issue ۱, March ۲۰۲۵ 77 - 90

کلیدواژه‌ها: Integrated Listening/Speaking Assessment foreign language anxiety ambiguity tolerance Cognitive and Metacognitive Strategy Use

حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۱۱۵ تعداد دانلود : ۸۲
Assessing language skills in an integrative form has drawn the attention of assessment experts in recent years. While some research data exists on integrative listening/reading-to-write assessment, there is comparatively little research literature on listening-to-speak integrated assessment. Also, little attention has been devoted to the role of individual attributes within the context of integrated assessment. The objective of the current research was to investigate the relationship between integrated listening/speaking assessment and individual characteristics of ambiguity tolerance (AT), use of cognitive/metacognitive strategies, and foreign language anxiety (FLA). Oxford Quick Placement Test was used to homogenize 60 EFL learners in terms of language proficiency (B2-C1). Additionally, integrated listening/speaking performances were collected using sample TOEFL-iBT tests. The transcribed spoken samples were evaluated by two raters using TOEFL-iBT rubrics in terms of overall description, delivery, language use, and topic development. Additionally, information on individual characteristics was gathered by means of 3 different questionnaires. Data analysis revealed that FLA had a negative relationship while AT and the use of cognitive and metacognitive strategies had a positive correlation with integrated listening/speaking test performance. Individual differences have generally been neglected in the assessment literature, but this study revealed that performance on integrated listening/speaking tests can be affected by language-irrelevant constructs such as individual attributes in addition to test-takers’ language competence.

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