درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

The Instructional design plays a key role in the effectiveness of various educational courses. Studies have shown that the Instructional design is one of the key factors that affect the quality of e-learning courses; however, not enough attention has been paid to the instructional design for designing and implementation of e-learning courses. As a result, we face courses and programs which lack quality. Therefore, exploring the effective components of e-learning designing in the literature and offering an e-learning instructional design for higher education was the purpose of this study. To this end, the study used a systematic review and some keywords related to the instructional design were searched for in scientific databases. After reviewing the articles, 33 studies, conducted between 2015 and 2019, were reviewed. The findings showed that needs analysis, content analysis, learner analysis, instructional principles and strategies, learning environment design, electronic content development, messages design, guidance and support, and assessment and evaluation were the primary components affecting the effectiveness of e-learning. Finally, having reviewed and analyzed the results, examined their relevance to the instructional design, and taken into account the experience of authors in the field of e-learning, a framework was proposed for e-learning instructional design, hoped to be utilized by researchers and e-learning   practitioners.  

Assessment of function is considered as an important strategic process in organizations. Using assessment of function with a consistently implemented viewpoint causes upgrading and improving the response of executive agencies in government section and also increasing public confidence in the performance of organizations. It helps the efficiency and effectiveness of the government too. Assessment of function is based on a balanced scorecard model for implementation of virtual training centers' strategies was the purpose of this survey research. A stratified random sampling method with a proportional volume allocation technique was used to achieve the goal. The statistical population of this research with 350 persons includes available staff working in the centers of Kerman province in 2017 and the sample size was estimated 184 persons by using the Cochran formula. Data collection was done using documentary and field methods. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to measure each of the components of the research. According to experts, research was confirmed validity and reliability of the questionnaire using Cronbach's alpha coefficient was calculated 0.81. The statistical method is a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Examination of hypotheses showed that there is a direct relationship between the implementation of the BSC and the related factors (learning, innovation, and competence), (financial), (internal process of S) with organizational performance. But there was no relationship between performances of the agent (more satisfaction). The overall results showed that the implementation of the BSC model has a direct relationship with organizational performance.

The study was conducted with the aim of predicting educational hope based on the perceived parent-child relationship and socioeconomic status through self-esteem mediation in female high school students in the 19th district of Tehran during the academic year of 1396-97. The research method was descriptive-correlational. 200 students were randomly selected using cluster random sampling. Copepool and Kawon (2001)’s socioeconomic status and Rosenberg’s self-esteem (1965) and Mark Fine et al. (1983)’s perceived parent-child relationship questionnaires were Completed. Statistical analysis of structural equation modeling using AMOS software was used to analyze the data. Findings showed that the direct effect of parent-child relationship perception and self-esteem on academic achievement was positive and significant, but the direct effect of socioeconomic status on academic hope was insignificant but significant on self-esteem. The indirect effect of the parent-child relationship and socioeconomic status on academic self-esteem mediation was also significant. Based on the findings of the study, the role of teenage female-parent relationship in the hope of education and self-esteem of adolescent females was emphasized. In addition, socioeconomic status plays an important role in explaining the student's education and self-esteem.