درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

The accelerated pace of urbanization in Iranian metropolises has underscored the need to reevaluate the role of public spaces in promoting public health. This study investigates the influence of urban public spaces on enhancing the physical and mental well-being of citizens in the metropolis of Tabriz. Adopting a quantitative and analytical method, data were collected through a purposive documentary review and field studies. The statistical sample consisted of visitors and users, with an average of 5,000 individuals per public space. Using Cochran's formula and a 10% margin of error, 96 questionnaires were collected for each space. Considering the existence of eight urban spaces—including Sa'at Square, Maqbarat-ol-Sho'ara, Shahid Beheshti Square, El-Goli Park, Golestan Park, Tarbiat Pedestrian Path, Valiasr Park, and Laleh Park Commercial-Recreational Complex—the total number of questionnaires required for this study was 752. Documentary data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis, while field data were examined using descriptive statistical techniques. The findings demonstrate that accessibility, safety, environmental design quality, social vitality, and opportunities for physical activity are critical factors contributing to public health improvement. These urban public spaces, beyond their recreational and social roles, function as strategic infrastructures for health promotion in large cities. The results suggest that integrating a health-oriented approach into the design and governance of public spaces can substantially enhance the quality of life in Iran's metropolitan contexts.

This study aims to present an Indigenous model for recreating inefficient urban textures, with an emphasis on social sustainability, in Region 2 of Rafsanjan. The research method employs a qualitative approach and content analysis, which involves identifying basic, organizing, and overarching themes. The DEMATEL technique was used to determine the causal relationships between the indicators. Findings revealed five themes: physical-spatial regeneration, social sustainability, economic-social regeneration, preservation of local identity and heritage, and participatory governance, comprising a total of 49 indicators. The results of the DEMATEL analysis indicate complex and multi-layered relationships between different dimensions of regeneration, such that the state of deterioration of the fabric and the quality of existing materials, as primary influencing factors, have a direct impact on other physical and social indicators. Enhancing neighborhood ties and building local social networks strengthens solidarity, encourages resident participation, and fosters social oversight and ownership of spaces. Preserving traditional architecture, vernacular features, and local symbols supports cultural continuity, residents' sense of belonging, and neighborhood identity. The proposed model follows a systemic and integrated approach that extends physical interventions to include social, cultural, economic, and managerial aspects. Economic factors, including generating local employment and developing small businesses, contribute to equitable benefit distribution, residential stability, and long-term socio-economic sustainability. Furthermore, the model offers a practical framework for sustainable urban regeneration. Its adaptability also makes it applicable to other cities with similar socio-spatial conditions, providing a pathway to integrate physical renewal with social cohesion and cultural continuity.

The architecture of the first Pahlavi period is considered a turning point in the evolution of Iranian architecture and urban planning, which dates back to the Qajar period and the familiarity of the Shah and his courtiers with European architecture. These changes reached a more tangible level in the first Pahlavi period, marking the beginning of modern Iranian architecture. The present study examines the architecture of schools from this period, focusing on a comparison between schools in East Azerbaijan and other modern schools in Iran, to provide a model for the design of today's schools. This study aims to analyze qualitative findings including: physical, spatial, and functional organization used in schools of the first Pahlavi period, such as appropriate access, spatial connections, hierarchy, arrangement of spaces, combination of full and empty space, open and semi-open spaces, introversion and extroversion, geometry and pattern, ., to arrive at solutions for the development of school architecture. The methodology of this research is historical-interpretive and case study (study of 6 schools from the Qajar and Pahlavi periods in East Azerbaijan province). The research method employed is qualitative, involving interviews with experts. In this study, 10 people were interviewed. In accordance with the principles of grounded theory, data collection and analysis were conducted following the first interview. This study also conducted a comparative analysis of the architecture of East Azerbaijan schools between 1304 and 1320, examining six landmark works in this province. Using the comparative method and structural approach, the spatial organization of schools from the Pahlavi period was analyzed, categorized, and coded. The results showed that the highest salience in the functional component was associated with extroversion, with a value of 28, and the lowest was associated with introversion, with a value of 7. The results indicate a decrease in Iranian-Islamic identity in Pahlavi-period schools. These changes include the shift from traditional architecture to new styles, the transformation of interior to exterior space, the reduction of hierarchy and proportions, the decline of decorative elements, and the elimination of green spaces.