East Azerbaijan

Purpose: This study aimed to design a temporary housing pattern tailored to the needs of the injured after a natural disaster. Design/methodology/approach: This study had an applied objective and employed a descriptive-analytical method with an approach to survey and post-implementation evaluation. The criteria for temporary accommodation design were collected through library research and the victims’ satisfaction of these criteria was considered through field research. The criteria included socio-cultural, physical-functional and technical-structural elements. Field research was carried out in 10 villages of Heris County, East Azerbaijan, which were destroyed completely by earthquake in 2012. Field research was conducted through user-oriented procedures of questionnaires, interviews and field observations. In total, the criteria were evaluated in separate tables based on the Likert spectrum. Findings: The results indicated that the victims were dissatisfied with temporary resettlement after the earthquake in all three criteria. Research limitations/implications: The main limitation of this study was the high cost of numerous visits to villages and low willingness of their inhabitants to cooperate with interviewers and answer the questions for various reasons. Practical implications: Improvement strategies were proposed to enhance the quality temporary housing through organized interviews with the injured. Suggestions made by experts led to proposing some improvement strategies as well. Finally, the design of the temporary housing model was put forward in accordance with these solutions. Originality/value: This article initiated an innovative design of temporary housing which was tailored to the needs of those who had experienced the disaster based on their perceptions, not merely based on existing theoretical foundations.

The architecture of the first Pahlavi period is considered a turning point in the evolution of Iranian architecture and urban planning, which dates back to the Qajar period and the familiarity of the Shah and his courtiers with European architecture. These changes reached a more tangible level in the first Pahlavi period, marking the beginning of modern Iranian architecture. The present study examines the architecture of schools from this period, focusing on a comparison between schools in East Azerbaijan and other modern schools in Iran, to provide a model for the design of today's schools. This study aims to analyze qualitative findings including: physical, spatial, and functional organization used in schools of the first Pahlavi period, such as appropriate access, spatial connections, hierarchy, arrangement of spaces, combination of full and empty space, open and semi-open spaces, introversion and extroversion, geometry and pattern, ., to arrive at solutions for the development of school architecture. The methodology of this research is historical-interpretive and case study (study of 6 schools from the Qajar and Pahlavi periods in East Azerbaijan province). The research method employed is qualitative, involving interviews with experts. In this study, 10 people were interviewed. In accordance with the principles of grounded theory, data collection and analysis were conducted following the first interview. This study also conducted a comparative analysis of the architecture of East Azerbaijan schools between 1304 and 1320, examining six landmark works in this province. Using the comparative method and structural approach, the spatial organization of schools from the Pahlavi period was analyzed, categorized, and coded. The results showed that the highest salience in the functional component was associated with extroversion, with a value of 28, and the lowest was associated with introversion, with a value of 7. The results indicate a decrease in Iranian-Islamic identity in Pahlavi-period schools. These changes include the shift from traditional architecture to new styles, the transformation of interior to exterior space, the reduction of hierarchy and proportions, the decline of decorative elements, and the elimination of green spaces.