درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Purpose: Type 2 diabetes is one of the most important metabolic disorders that different societies are facing with increasing prevalence. Aerobic exercises are a common type of exercise that reduces the levels of triglycerides and low-density lipoproteins and regulates blood pressure. The purpose of the research is to investigate the effect of 12 weeks of aerobic exercise on fasting glucose and several serum indicators of cardiovascular disease, in women with type 2 diabetes. Methods: In 2023, 20 women who referred to the Hamadan Diabetes Association voluntarily participated as subjects in this research and were randomly assigned to aerobic (10 people) and control (10 people) groups. The exercise program of the aerobic group included 3 running sessions per week with an intensity of 60-70% of the maximum heart rate for 12 weeks. In order to measure fasting blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and lipid profile [low-density lipoprotein (LDL-c), triglycerides (TG), High-density lipoprotein (HDL-c)], blood sampling was done before and after 12 weeks of exercise program. SPSS software and Kologrov Smirnov and Student's t test were used to check and analyze the data. Results: The results indicated that after 12 weeks of aerobic exercise, HbA1c (P=0/027), LDL-c (P=0/012) and fasting blood glucose (P=0/043) decreased significantly in the aerobic group. But no significant changes were observed in HDL-c and BMI. Conclusion: The results of this research showed that performing aerobic exercises leads to a decrease in HbA1c, fasting blood glucose and improvement in lipid profile, so it can probably be a useful way of treatment and prevention of cardiovascular diseases in type 2 diabetic patients.

Background: Shoulder impingement syndrome is a common complication that causes pain and disability, functional limitations and reduced quality of life. This syndrome is usually seen in people who are involved in activities and sports involving rotating movements above the head, including bodybuilders. Meanwhile, corrective exercises have been considered as an intervention in the rehabilitation of the condition. Exercises based on National Academy of Sports Medicine (NASM) principles are known as one of the new methods in the rehabilitation and prevention of sports injuries.Aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect and permanence of corrective exercises on pain intensity, functional disability and kinematic parameters of bodybuilders with shoulder impingement syndrome.Materials and Methods: In this semi-experimental research with a pre-test-post-test design, 20 male bodybuilders with shoulder impingement syndrome were randomly assigned in two groups; corrective exercises as the experimental group (n=10) and control group (n=10). Visual Analog Scale (VAS) questionnaire was used for pain intensity. Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) questionnaire was used for functional disability. Kinovea software was used to kinematic parameters. The evaluations carried out during three stages: the pre-test, the first post-test (after 8 weeks) and the second post-test (after 12 weeks). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) at a significance level of 0.05 using SPSS version 20 software.Results: The findings showed that after 8 weeks of corrective exercises, there were significant changes in pain intensity and functional disability in the experimental group (P<0.05). Also, significant changes in shoulder biomechanical parameters during flexion, abduction, external rotation and internal rotation movements were observed between the two groups (P<0.05). Permanence of the exercises in the studied variables after 12 weeks showed a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05).Conclusion: According to the obtained results, it can be stated that a course of NASM exercises reduced shoulder pain, improved functional disability and improved kinematic parameters in male bodybuilders with shoulder impingement syndrome.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 8-weeks endurance training on volume and capacity of lungs (forced expiratory volume in 1second, Forced vital capacity, ratio FEV1/FVC) and its relationship with BMI in Male Smoking students. Method: In order to accomplish this research 20 cigarette addicted men students referred to the smoking cessation clinic were randomly selected and were divided into two groups of experimental (n=10) (age: 15.33 ± 2.07 years and BMI: 25.41 ± 3.55 kg/m2) and the control group (n = 10) (age: 15.10 ± 2.81 years and BMI: 27.26 ± 66 kg/m2). The Spirometry indexes (FEV1/FVC, FEV1, FVC), height and weight were measured Prior and after 8-weeks of endurance training. Experimental group performed 8-weeks of progressive endurance training (3 sessions per week, 60 minutes per session) which included running with the intensity of 75% MHR. Intensity of exercise was controlled by maximum heart rate and the formula of (220-age) and the intensity level and duration of exercises increased in each session. Data analysis was done by using the variance analysis method for repetitive data and the independent T-test. Results: The results of this study showed that after eight weeks of endurance training, Spirometry indexes (FEV1/FVC, FEV1, FVC) significantly increased (P<0.05), and this increase had a negative relation with BMI (P<0.05, r=-0.62). Conclusion: the study showed that eight weeks of moderate-intensity endurance training improved volume and lung capacity of Male Smoking students and it could partly remove the damaging effects of smoking on physical and psychological health and it can help them quit smoking as well.