درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

According to numerous studies, the Qur’anic surahs exhibit internal structure and organization, with each surah serving a distinct purpose. Although each surah focuses on a specific theme and the Qur’an identifies 114 broad themes, the arrangement of the surahs and the remarkable similarity between adjacent surahs (neighbors) underscores the chain-link and deliberate positioning of the surahs within the Qur’an. To investigate this phenomenon, a multifaceted and compound model was developed, comprising two main parts: embedding and autoencoding. The first part was carried out by preparing the words and roots of the Qur’anic text using the BERT model for meaning-topic representation. In the second part, the data was clustered in a soft labeling mode by the autoencoder. Analysis of the distribution of surahs within clusters revealed that neighboring surahs exhibited an average similarity of 80, while surahs with greater distance showed an average similarity of 20. The findings support the placement of similar surahs in close proximity,  substantiating the organized sequence of Qur’anic surahs. To conclude, the results provide compelling evidence for the structured arrangement of Qur’anic surahs.

This comparative study sought to explore the translation of requests between God and Prophet in Holy Quran with focus on pragmatic approach. More specifically, the study highlighted the applied techniques in the translations of Quranic verses based on Bach and Harnish's (1979) model. It further analyzed the differences between the translations and examined the translations accuracy in rendering imperatives’ pragmatics. In doing so, some Surah with the most imperative examples were selected as source text, and two English translations of Holy Quran by Ali (1989) and Arberry (1955) were selected as target text. Based on the data, three types of the techniques as "requestives", "questions", and " requirements" were employed in the most of verses with 9 cases, and "prohibition" found in 6 cases. The identified differences between two translations listed as finding the right equivalents, choosing the correct verb, finding meaning faithfully, preserving the imperative function, selecting the common words in TL, etc. The results also indicated some inaccuracies as lexical and pragmatics, finding right pronoun, transferring the illocutionary force of the source words into the TT, and emphasizing on the same theme with different syntactic form. However, most verses provided the accurate factors as word order, transferring the imperative function based on the first interpretation, adding some words to clarify the context, conveying the intended function through applying the exclamation mark, and keeping culture-specific notion. It is worth mentioning that in most cases, the translators could successfully convey the meaning of Arabic words in to the English ones.

Cognitive linguistics is an approach in the study of language that examines the relationship between his language and mind and his social and physical experiences. Cognitive Linguistics is one of the interdisciplinary sciences whose purpose is reflection and precision in the mechanism of the relationship between the structure and the constituent elements of a text in order to better understand the process of completing the meaning and the concept hidden in it. Herbert Paul Grice is one of the linguistic analytical philosophers that according to this point of view, has conducted detailed and extensive studies on conversations and linguistic actions and their indirect and implicit meaning in everyday language, which has become known as Grice's cooperative principle. Conversation is one of the constructive elements of every narrative text that plays a central role in transferring the meaning. Grice sees conversation as a purposeful and rational behavior and it is a type of cooperation-based interaction that has its own logic. According to his theory, every successful dialogue is based on observing the 4 principles of cooperation (quantity, quality, communication and method) and if any deviation from one or more of the four principles is based on a certain relationship and purpose, it leads to the necessity of communication and if this goal is not provided departing from these principles will lead to the failure of dialogue. Therefore, in this research, some of the conversations between Jesus and the apostles in the Holy Qur'an have been analyzed, based on the theory of Grice's rules in a descriptive and analytical method in order to answer the question of how the cooperative principle is used and violated and what effect these violations have on the meaning and purpose of speaker. The results show that the dialogues of Jesus and the apostles in the Holy Qur'an violate the 4th principle of cooperation. The 3rd principle is most evident that the words of Jesus and the apostles have the quantity of 3 times in the Holy Qur'an and 2 other principles namely the principle of communication and the principle of method have a harmonious participation in the dialogue of the apostles and Jesus.