درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Security is one of the most important needs of people after basic needs. Due to the unnecessary developments in cities and the lack of identifying elements as well as the decrease in the sense of attachment to new neighborhoods, it has created problems, such as reduced levels of security. Therefore, the most necessary action to achieve a sense of security at the residential level is to strengthen and enhance the sense of attachment to the neighborhood. The purpose of this present study has to analyze the feeling of security by emphasizing the influence of sense of place attachment in Elahieh neighborhood of Mashhad. The research method is descriptive-analytical and library-documentary sources and questionnaire distribution among residents of Elahieh neighborhood used for data collection. Sample size estimated to be 397 according to the neighborhood population using PASS software. The results of the study show that the feeling of security is low in the neighborhood of Elahieh and there is a weak sense of belonging among the residents. In this regard, measures affecting the sense of attachment to increase the sense of security in the neighborhood have been analyzed and ranked by Friedman test. Finally, measures of neighborhood boundary status, reminiscences and participation of residents, as well as neighborhood identity, are effective in reducing neighborhood security.

Purpose - Several models of rural development have been proposed but they have failed to adequately explain why development stagnates in certain regions. To fill this knowledge gap, this qualitative research was conducted. Design/methodology/approach- Based on focus group interviews with farmers and semi-structured interviews with rural managers and experts from two sub-counties in Kherameh, Fars province, the barriers of rural development under drought were investigated. Finding- Various adaptation strategies, such as changing cropping pattern, developing greenhouses and rising mushroom, quail and ostrich, have been applied by farmers in order to reduce the negative impacts of drought and water scarcity. However, different barriers including climate variability, quantitative and qualitative reduction of water resources, unemployment and lack of sustainable job opportunities, limitation of financial resources and investment, inefficiency of institutional supporting policies, limitation of budgets and loans, and uncertainty about future of agriculture have prevented rural areas from development. Practical implications - Continuous monitoring of drought and developing early warning systems, consensus about distribution of common water resources, water conveyance from other regions and considering water subsides, local participation in development planning, encouraging research institutes to focus their research on investigating and producing water resistance crops, improving drought management information through effective extension services and linking urban-based businesses with small-scale crop producers are offered to improve rural development in this drought prone area. Originality/value- Given that a similar study has not been conducted about rural development traps under drought, the findings of this study can be used by rural development planners and practitioners.

Researches indicate that tourism, and specifically religious tourism, has an ancient history. This issue which is one of the significant foundations of the global economy in the twenty first century is now apparent among the nations of the globe, especially for Muslim nations, more than ever due to travel incentives and invention of various means of transportation. Since the old times, people traveled around the globe for several purposes including food, touring, trade, pilgrimage to holy places, entertainment, a variety of sports, which is continued with an increasing trend. Nowadays, one of the most common types of tourism is the religious and pilgrimage tourism which is flourished and prospered, in the light of Islamic laws and regulations, after formation of stable Islamic governments and as security is maintained. An special attention has been paid to touring and journeys in Islam religion, specifically in the word of God almighty in the Holy Quran, touring is emphasized and repeated as examples for the servants in more than tens of verses so that people act intelligently as they see the relics of the past, and in fact, these are a guiding light for those who are trying to provide themselves with spirituality and free themselves from the darkness and to bring peace and comfort besides safety for themselves. The Islamic country of Iran, has a high potential of religious tourism, and with the holy shrine of his Holiness Imam Reza (PBUH) and the holy shrine of her Holiness Fatemeh Masoumeh (PBUH) and also over 3400 known Pantheons which many of them is the shrine of great martyrs, also 8919 holy religious places, can be the vanguard of religious and pilgrimage tourism in the world and thus to benefit from its economic and spiritual effects, which we address here in this paper.