مطالب

Human beings employ different forms of linguistic politeness to ease communication and reduce the likelihood of conflict. With the rise of technology and social media platforms such as Email, Telegram, Twitter, WhatsApp, and Instagram, the concept of politeness has faced new challenges. The present study focused on Instagram comments and analyzed politeness strategies based on Leech’s grand strategy of politeness. The study examined a 20043-word corpus developed based on 696 posts across various topics on Instagram. The results revealed that Instagram users predominantly utilized negative politeness strategies (63.3%). Among the positive strategies, agreement constraints were the most frequently employed (32.7%), while tact constraint violations (32.1%) were the most common within negative strategies. The study utilized repeated measures of ANOVA and Tukey post hoc analysis via SPSS to examine differences among various constraints and their violations. Significant differences were found among most constraints, except for tact and modesty, generosity, and feeling reticence. In terms of constraint violations, no significant differences were observed between approbation and obligation of the speaker to others constraint violation, between agreement constraint violation and generosity constraint violation, between agreement and obligation of others to a speaker constraint violation, between agreement constraint violation and opinion reticence constraint violation, between sympathy and modesty constraint violation, between sympathy and feeling reticence constraint violation. The findings underscore the importance of analyzing language in specific media, providing insights into politeness and impoliteness in a specific medium. The results can enhance students' pragmatic skills and improve their online communication, prompting materials developers to consider such pragmatic dimensions.

Objective: The present study aimed to examine the effect of marital relationships on the tendency toward infidelity based on attachment behavior in married women. Methods: This study employed a descriptive-correlational design. The statistical population consisted of all married female students at the Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch, during the 2023–2024 academic year. The sampling method was multi-stage cluster random sampling, and a sample of 200 individuals was selected. Data were collected using the Attitudes Toward Infidelity Scale (ATIS) (Whatley, 2008) and the Adult Attachment Style Questionnaire by Collins and Read (1990). Data analysis was conducted using descriptive statistics (mean, median, measures of dispersion including standard deviation, skewness, and kurtosis) and correlation tests. Findings: The results indicated that attachment behavior in marital relationships predicts the tendency toward infidelity in married women. Marital relationships have a direct effect on the tendency toward infidelity based on attachment behavior. Conclusion: This study confirms that marital relationship stability influences attachment behaviors, which in turn affect the tendency toward infidelity. Secure attachment reduces infidelity risk, while avoidant and ambivalent/anxious attachment increase it, highlighting attachment’s critical role.