درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

We have a huge civic project, includes several sub-projects, which are divided into activities. This project is a project to rehabilitate 550,000 hectares of agricultural land in the provinces of Khuzestan and Ilam. The project has been divided according to the plots of land. The Jehad in Tehran is managing the projects. They need project scheduling as well as resource levelling and "lot-sizing". Levelling and lot sizing are the most important issues in utilizing the limited resources. For determining the scope and the size of those sub-projects as well as their parallel activities, so far, many models have been proposed. However, the models are weak either in higher resource utilization or in solving numerically the problems. In this paper, our effort has been concentrated on developing scheduling, resource levelling, and lot sizing model, based on balancing utilization of resources, so that the real size civil project could be solved within an acceptable duration time. This paper proposes a goal programming linear model for simultaneous project scheduling and resource levelling. This model determines the best schedule of sub-activities (optimal "lot size" of each sub-activity) to reach the minimum amount of diversion of resources consumed from the number of resources available for the entire periods of the planning horizon. In fact, if the best "lot sizes" have been taken, then minimum fluctuation of the active resources is reached. The proposed model has been used to schedule a project with 87 activities. This project has been scheduled and, accordingly, the optimal volume (the "lot size") of sub-activities have been determined for each activity at any period of time. In this way, only 4 resources out of a total of 32 resources are in shortage. In contrast, the scheduling of this project, using the CPM, results in a shortage of 13 resources.

The aim of this study was to identify barriers to the implementation and use of Internet banking in Keshavarzi Bank. Due to the fact that qualitative data was first collected through study and interviews with experts, at different stages, different tools were used to collect the required data. In the first stage, data was collected through interviews with experts and systematic review. In the second stage, a questionnaire related to the content analysis method was evaluated. The statistical population of the study was 20 experts with master's and doctoral degrees and high work experience in banking management who were selected based on purposive sampling. The results show that, after reviewing the background and interviewing with 20 experts, 20 open source codes were identified by using theme analysis. The results of qualitative content analysis showed that 20 open source codes were important enough. Convergent validity was performed and the fit of the model was confirmed. However, it was found that the most important priorities were the inequality of the Internet banking system in the country's banking network, unpreparedness of the national information network, technological infrastructure problems used in websites, negative customer experience and their low trust, and fake and misleading sites. Banks should regularly update and retain their customers' communication gateway systems such as mailbox and digital and online space, to make customers more willing to receive Internet banking services in the future.

Media literacy is a topic that is concerned with the audience's power of understanding of the way in which media works and how they make sense thereof, and seeks to make this analysis a habit and a task for the audience. In this regard, present research provides a model for promotion of public relations with an emphasis on media literacy among managers and employees of Mazandaran Gas Company. In this paper, the data were sorted out through three stages after introduction of the concept media literacy using the qualitative method of grounded theory and holding 15 in-depth, semi-structured interviews with the academics and experts of the field, and following a content analysis. Based on the findings, the model is made up of five components: 1. The elements promoting media literacy at three macro (i.e. formulation of educational rubrics, changing educational methods, culture building with media literacy potential, adopting a problem-oriented approach, creating a national Internet, coherence and consistency in policy making and planning, and media content monitoring), intermediate (i.e. group interaction with colleagues and management training), and micro (i.e. technological knowledge, cognitive knowledge, media knowledge, and content production); 2. Decisive factors (categories of macro, intermediate, and macro level factors); 3. Interfering factors (including government intervention, lack of legislation or regulations); 4. Strategies (including policy and planning strategies, educational strategies, and culture- and discourse building strategies; 5. Consequences (i.e. economic, social, cultural, political, technological, communication, environmental, and individual-behavioral consequences).