درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

For apply government Tissues need for a budget schedules. To make use money and financial policy and use of rate sociality resource. This research for evaluation the resource of budget in an inflation among (2001- 2004) years in Islamic republic of Iran use. Identify of weakness and sing difficulty’s, use, budget control, change the wages to estimate the cost and wages, wages use of resource from change the rational of inflation rate. Financial resource create budge income three section increasing wages, decreasing cost during period (2001- 2004) years from spent expert oil material and non-oil material inspection increasing wages very infection for inflation rate. Give external’s money for reason a few and internal money for reason non Deposit of Bank system, customs wages and pay toll’s for reason facilitate in expert and present expert communication’s few infect in inflation rate. This research include eight Divert Hypothesis in from three major Hypothesis. For agreement or Disagreement research Hypothesis for description effect themes make request research and use Likert scale deduction for consider productivity. Review and created information in way library and information to complete and loyal results use and reason of make math the inflation rate Discussing. Infernality introduction of research in internal and external Iran determine to deduction.

One of the major challenges faced by major firms is the risk of financial instability and ultimately financial bankruptcy. Hence, the main objective of this paper is to predict bankruptcy based on real Earning management models and the accrual Earning management of companies admitted to the Tehran Stock Exchange. The research method is descriptive-applied and is a correlation study. The time domain of research was between 1382 and 1395, with a sample of 110 companies (65 bankrupt and 65 non-bankrupt companies) selected from the list of companies admitted to the Tehran Stock Exchange. Logistic regression model was used to test the research hypotheses. In general, the findings of the research hypothesis test show that the predictive power of bankruptcy models based on real profit management models and accruals management of companies accepted in Tehran Stock Exchange is significant. Therefore, it can be stated that the amount of real earning management and accrual earnings management affect the bankruptcy of the investigated companies.

In the light of various studies carried out in various socio-economic areas, scientific and cultural development has been introduced as a prerequisite and fundamental factor for sustainable development of the societies. Obviously, universities, as a "scientific and intellectual command center of the society" have a fundamental and unique role and function. In order to achieve this, the most significant and fundamental problem or challenge of universities is the lack of a comprehensive and long-term plan that can clarify the prospects for university development, providing a reasonable and reliable framework for different types of activities such as educational, research, technology and support-staff activities. Since the strategic thinking in the management and planning of universities can be used as a solution to the challenges of the present age and to the strategic requirements of higher education institutions both inside and outside the country, so: The present study aims to "compare comparative strategic thinking in the management and planning of universities inside and outside the country "with the aim of identifying the main and subcomponents of management and strategic planning. This research is a comparative study in the field of university management.The research data have been analyzed to extract the main and subcomponents of strategic management using "factor analysis". The research findings showed that there are 6 main components and 6 sub-components in the comparative comparison of the strategic thinking in the strategic management and planning of universities inside and outside the country.