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This paper analyses the motivations of outward Foreign Direct Investment pattern of Vietnam using the gravity theory and panel data of 159 economies worldwide during the 2007-2021 period. The author extends the gravity model proposed by Zhang & Daly (2011) to test the determinants of Vietnam's OFDI, divided into two strategy groups namely location selection and the amount of new registered OFDI capital. Results indicate that Vietnamese OFDI’s location choice was positively impacted by high levels of political stability, export relations, and proximity to Vietnam. Meanwhile, natural resource advantages and the other good governance factors in one economy do not have statistically significant effects on the location choice, whereas Vietnamese new registered OFDI amount is negatively affected by governance effectiveness, rule of law, and regulatory quality. Relatively, among all the determinants, low regulatory quality is the most powerful factor in increasing the new registered OFDI scale. As the main practical policy implications, issuing policies for promoting trade relations, launching the novel strategy of FDI neighbourhood policy are recommended.

The present study is focused on the behavioral challenges faced by managers in the Islamic revolution and aims to provide solutions to overcome them. The main question that this article seeks to answer is ‘How Ayatollah Khamenei justifies these challenges and what solutions Imam Khomeini proposes to address them?’ To achieve this, the article employs a tripartite model and method of conceptual analysis and text interpretation to presents the statements of the leader and Imam Khomeini in a structured manner. The tripartite model is an analytical tool that examines organizational and management theories in terms of productivity, which has three dimensions: Structural, contextual, and behavioral. However, the present paper acknowledges that one of the fundamental challenges of desirable management in the Islamic revolution is ignoring the strategic and intangible human capital in terms of behavioral necessities. Therefore, the study focuses only on the role and impact of behavioral challenges of managers in the organization of the Islamic republic system according to the leader of the Islamic revolution and proposes solutions to overcome these challenges based on Imam Khomeini's principles. In Ayatollah Khamenei's political thought, behavioral challenges of human resources can be identified and examined in three areas: cognitive, ethical, and jurisprudential. According to Imam Khomeini, the solution to these behavioral challenges is through appropriate upbringing of intellectual, emotional, and physical layers of existence. This approach is classified in to three categories of "Ideological Education," "Ethical Education," and "Jurisprudential Education," which fall under the broad category of "Educational Dimensions" of behavioral (human resource) management. To accomplish this research, a descriptive-explanatory method is used, and data collection is library-based.

The United States of America, in line with its macro policies, has always used power mechanisms to dominate strategic global regions. In the meantime, the US intelligence agency has used complex mechanisms in line with these policies. On the other hand, the occurrence of the Islamic revolution and the start of the Iraq-imposed war against Iran could have made the US government's policy to achieve its hegemonic goals a reality. The issue that needs to be addressed is what mechanism has been used by the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) regarding the imposed war. The findings of the research, written with a descriptive method, indicate that the containment of the Islamic revolution, the maintenance of hegemony and the continuation of the occupation of the resources and interests of the region, led the US Central Intelligence Agency to theorize the strategy in the soft field (facilitating and studying the occurrence of war against the Islamic Republic Iran) as well as operational measures in the hard field, which includes support, intelligence and weapon actions. This research, by explaining the concept of soft and hard power methods, in confrontation, aggression and war, the use of these two components It will be presented by the Central Intelligence Agency of America in the imposed war.

Undoubtedly, the glorious Islamic revolution marked a new discourse in the field of international relations. Meanwhile, the knowledge of jurisprudence in the post-Islamic revolution period, as a science that provides the strategic and practical program and model of the country's administration and is the foundation of the country's laws, has a great position. In view of the existing research gap, in a problem-oriented research and by adopting a descriptive-analytical approach, the requirements and requirements of teaching and researching jurisprudence in the intellectual system of the Supreme Leader, by referring to his statements and writings in different positions , has been studied from the beginning of his leadership until the present time. The results of the research show the correct and accurate introduction of jurisprudence knowledge capacities to the students and students of religious sciences, streamlining and removing unnecessary content from the textbooks, as well as the compilation of new educational books according to the needs of the day, including the educational needs of knowledge. Jurisprudence is included in his intellectual system. In terms of research, there are also indicators and components such as research within the scope and criteria of Javaheri jurisprudence, comparative and comparative research, precise thematics of research topics, priority of research in social and current issues, as well as free thinking and avoiding unnecessary prejudices. In the matter of research, they are one of the axes that can be extracted, analyzed and evaluated by reflecting on their opinions.

The security threat posed by the sprawling Al-Hol camp in N.E. Syria remains a major security concern as an IS recruiting hub for minors as well as a key financial node for laundering funds to fuel its insurgency and because of the IS-affiliated networks’ attempts at exfiltrating detainees to replenish its ranks. Youth in both camps al Hol and Roj have been being exposed to IS indoctrination, training, and abuse under the influence of hardline IS women who crowdfund to keep their activities going. ICSVE' monitoring of the IS-linked financial networks of the past 4 months (November 2022- February 2023) suggest that these entities have prioritized raising smuggling capital for critically ill pro IS women detainees and youth as well as for smuggling young boys out of Camp al Hol before they can be taken to rehabilitation centers where they will be separated and protected from this malevolent IS influence. The crowdfunding networks appear on Telegram primarily, but make use of other platforms as well and some financial transactions take place in plain view even using European banks, others by cryptocurrency and in a hidden manner. 

Gulen and Nursi present different images of the combination of Islam and modernity. This article seeks to evaluate the similarities and differences of Nursi and Gulen’s political thought. According to Gulen's claim that Nursi has been his professor, it seems that there is not much difference in their thoughts, but this article show that despite the influence of Gulen's ideas from Nursi and some similarities in their theoretical approaches, there are obvious difference in their thoughts. This article by applying a historical analysis, attempt to examine a comparative study on the religious and political ideas of Gulen and Nursi. The finding if this article shows that the central point of their theories is reliance on science education, Islam minus politics, combination of tradition and modernity, emphasis on democracy, compromise with other religions and Sufi tendencies, but they have many differences in the fields of ethnicity, methodology, etc.