درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Objective: In this study, the intervention of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) on resilience, rumination, and dysfunctional attitudes in infertile couples is studied.Method: The research design was quasi-experimental with pre-test-post-test and a one-month follow-up with control groups. The statistical population of the study consisted of infertile couples referred to Ibn Sina Infertility Center in Tehran, where 30 infertile couples aged 24-40 were selected as research samples by using a purposive sampling method based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, who were then randomly assigned into two groups of 15 couples. The research instruments were Connor and Davidson's (2003) Resilience Questionnaire, the Nalen and Huxma (1991) rumination, and the Weissman and Beck (1978) dysfunctional attitude questionnaire that were provided to both groups to collect the required data. The control group stayed on the waiting list, and the mindfulness training was performed for the experimental group during eight weekly sessions (two 90-minute sessions per week), according to Segal, Williams, and Tisdale MBCT Protocol (2018). The sessions were performed online and on Skyroom's platform. The research data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA).Results: The results showed that MBCT treatment improved resilience and reduced rumination and dysfunctional attitudes in the experimental group and the post-test and follow-up phase (P<0/001).Conclusion: According to the results, employing this approach for infertile couples is helpful and it can be suggested for improving their psychological conditions. 

Objective: The objective of the present study was to predict marital satisfaction in married women based on cognitive emotion regulation strategies with the mediating role of resilience. Methods: This descriptive-correlational study employed a structural equation modeling approach. The statistical population included all married women experiencing marital conflict who visited clinics and counseling centers in District 5 of Tehran in 2021. From this population, 250 women were selected using a non-random, convenience sampling method. Data were collected using the Sanaei Marital Conflict Questionnaire (1998), the ENRICH Marital Satisfaction Scale (1981), the Garnefski and Kraaij Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (2006), and the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (2003). The data were analyzed using correlation tests and structural equation modeling. Findings: The results indicated a positive and significant relationship between cognitive emotion regulation strategies and resilience with marital satisfaction (P < 0.01). The findings supported the mediating role of resilience in the relationship between cognitive emotion regulation strategies and marital satisfaction in married women experiencing marital conflict (P < 0.01). Additionally, the modified model showed a good fit. Conclusion: The results demonstrated that resilience and cognitive emotion regulation strategies play an important role in marital satisfaction. It is essential to consider these critical variables in counseling programs for women experiencing marital conflict.

Objective: The Healthy Adult mode is one of the primary modes in schema therapy, reflecting maturity, mental health, and good judgment. The present study aimed to qualitatively investigate the psychological empowerment of women with a Healthy Adult mode. Methods: This qualitative study was conducted using a phenomenological approach. Participants included women aged 20-40 from Isfahan Province in 2023, selected through purposive sampling based on inclusion criteria. Data were examined using semi-structured, in-depth interviews. Data saturation was achieved with 20 interviews. Data were analyzed using Colaizzi's seven-step method. Findings: After interviewing women with a Healthy Adult mode and analyzing the data, 80 initial codes, 8 sub-themes, and 2 main themes were extracted. Coping and self-awareness were classified under the main themes, and self-compassion, self-regulation, problem-solving ability, mindfulness, developed social relationships, assertiveness, self-awareness, and the concept of a "good enough" parent were classified under the sub-themes. Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, it can be concluded that Iranian women with a Healthy Adult mode have developed components of psychological empowerment. Ultimately, it is suggested that counseling centers and organizations use practical services based on the findings of this research to enhance the psychological empowerment and promote the adult state of personality in women.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of self-compassion training on reducing loneliness and improving health-related quality of life in infertile women. Methods: A randomized controlled trial design was used, involving 30 infertile women recruited from a specialized infertility treatment center. Participants were randomly assigned to an experimental group (n = 15) receiving eight sessions of self-compassion training or a control group (n = 15) with no intervention. Assessments were conducted at baseline, post-intervention, and at a five-month follow-up using the Loneliness Questionnaire and the Health-Related Quality of Life Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA and Bonferroni post-hoc tests. Findings: The experimental group showed significant reductions in loneliness from pre-test (M = 45.32, SD = 6.45) to post-test (M = 30.21, SD = 5.28) and follow-up (M = 31.12, SD = 5.34), while the control group remained stable. Health-related quality of life significantly improved in the experimental group from pre-test (M = 62.45, SD = 7.34) to post-test (M = 78.53, SD = 6.78) and follow-up (M = 77.95, SD = 6.65), with minimal changes in the control group. ANOVA results indicated significant time and group interactions for both loneliness (F(2, 56) = 67.03, p < .001, η² = .71) and health-related quality of life (F(2, 56) = 113.20, p < .001, η² = .80). Conclusion: Self-compassion training is effective in reducing loneliness and improving health-related quality of life in infertile women. These benefits were sustained at the five-month follow-up, highlighting the long-term potential of self-compassion interventions in supporting the psychological well-being of infertile women.

Objective: The aim of the present study was to predict psychological pain based on emotional expression with the mediation of fear of intimacy in girls with emotional breakup experience. Methods: The research design was applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-correlational in terms of method. The statistical population of the study included girls aged 20 to 35 with emotional breakup experience in Tehran in 2020, of whom 392 were selected using the convenience sampling method. They responded to the Auerbach and Mikulincer (2003) Mental Pain Questionnaire, the King and Emmons (1990) Emotional Expression Questionnaire, and the Descutner and Thelen (1991) Fear of Intimacy Scale. Data were analyzed using structural equations and SPSS and AMOS software. Findings: The findings showed that the direct path coefficient of fear of intimacy (ß = 0.15, p < 0.01) to psychological pain was positive and significant, but the path coefficients of the types of emotional expression to psychological pain were not significant (p > 0.05). The direct path coefficients of positive emotional expression (ß = -0.10, p < 0.05) and expression of intimacy (ß = -0.15, p < 0.01) to fear of intimacy were negative and significant, while the path coefficient of negative emotional expression (ß = 0.15, p < 0.01) to fear of intimacy was positive and significant. The indirect path coefficients of the types of emotional expression to psychological pain in girls with emotional breakup experience through fear of intimacy were not significant (p > 0.05). Conclusion: The results indicated that although fear of intimacy neutralized the effects of different types of emotional expression on psychological pain in girls with emotional breakup experience, it did not mediate the relationship between the types of emotional expression.

Objective: The present study aimed to model the psychological distress of mothers with children diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) based on family cohesion and adaptation, with the mediation of perceived social support. Methods and Materials: This research, in terms of its goal, is applied, and in terms of data collection, is quantitative and correlational, employing structural equation modeling. The statistical population consisted of all mothers with children diagnosed with ASD in Tehran in 2020, from which 354 participants were selected using a convenience sampling method. To collect data, the following questionnaires were used: Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (Kessler et al., 2002), Family Adaptability and Cohesion Scale (Olson & Gorall, 2003), and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (Zimet et al., 1988). Results: The results of structural equation modeling indicated that the indirect pathways from family cohesion (β = -0.13, p < 0.01) and family adaptability (β = -0.12, p < 0.01) to the psychological distress of mothers of children with ASD, through perceived social support, were negative and significant. Conclusion: Perceived social support mediates the relationship between family cohesion and family adaptability with the psychological distress of mothers of children with ASD.

Objective: The present study aims to determine the effectiveness of schema-based parenting training on parenting stress, and the quality of parent-child interactions among mothers of children aged 4 to 12 years. Methods: This research is applied in nature and semi-experimental with a pre-test, post-test, and one-month follow-up design with a control group. The statistical population included mothers of children aged 4 to 12 years who visited counseling centers in District 1 of Tehran. From this population, 45 individuals were selected through convenience sampling and randomly assigned to two groups of 15 (schema-based parenting training and control group). Data were collected using the Pianta Parent-Child Interaction (1994) and the Abidin Parenting Stress Index (1984). Schema-based parenting training, which encompasses educational topics, was delivered to the mothers in 8 weekly sessions, each lasting 90 minutes. For data analysis, which involved two experimental groups and one control group across three time points, a mixed ANOVA with repeated measures was utilized, and the data were analyzed using SPSS 25 software. Findings: The results showed that schema-based parenting training significantly affected parenting stress symptoms (F=30.383, P=0.001, η²=0.52) and the quality of parenting interactions (F=7.057, P=0.002, η²=0.201). Conclusion: It can be concluded that schema-based parenting training effectively reduces parental stress symptoms, and the persistence of the training effect during the follow-up phase indicates the intervention's lasting impact on parental stress.

Objective: This study aims to explore the sociological factors, contextual conditions, structural factors, and social pressures contributing to emotional divorce in Tehran. Method: The study employs a qualitative approach using a sequential exploratory design and grounded theory strategy. A purposive sample of 21 individuals, aged 25-40, with at least a bachelor's degree in psychology, sociology, or related fields, participated in semi-structured interviews. Data were analyzed using open coding and axial coding processes to identify key structures and indices related to emotional divorce. The participants included university lecturers, teachers, housewives, and private sector employees, ensuring a diverse representation of educated individuals with relevant expertise. Findings: The results indicate that attitudes and values, social and cultural pressure, and social changes are significant causal factors in the occurrence of emotional divorce. Key phenomena identified include changes in emotional relationships, lack of emotional behavior towards the spouse, emotional void, and compulsory living. Contextual conditions such as changes in culture, values, economic conditions, and types of social interactions were influential. Structural factors identified include policies and laws, and social roles. Social pressures, including peer pressure, family opinions, and media influence, were crucial intervening factors. An educational approach was identified as an effective strategy for preventing and managing emotional divorce. Conclusion: Emotional divorce, while not always visible, significantly impacts individuals and society. Understanding its sociological aspects and underlying causes is essential for developing effective prevention and management strategies. Educational programs aimed at improving emotional relationships, communication skills, and stress management can mitigate the negative impacts. Policymakers can use these insights to formulate supportive policies and laws. Further research is needed to generalize findings and explore the impact of emotional divorce on children and other regions.