درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

This study investigates the effects of macroeconomic variables on the stock market (stock price index).The effects of macroeconomic variables including global gold and oil price, exchange rate, interest rate, economic growth rate on the Iranian stock market has been investigated by using a non-linear distributed auto-regression model .The results indicated that the relationship between oil price and oil price index in the short term and long term is direct and inverse, respectively. The effect of the exchange rate on the stock price index is direct in the short and long term. In such a way that a long-term positive shock will lead to an increase of 0.87 percent and a negative shock of the exchange rate will lead to a decrease of 8.6 percent of the index. The effect of the positive interest rate shock in the short and long term on the stock price index is insignificant. Meanwhile, the negative shock of the mentioned variables will lead to a 0.12 percent decrease in the stock price index and in the short and long term on The positive shock of the gold price on the stock price index is insignificant.In terms of our results, economic growth has positive relationship with the stock price index. This result is in line with a one percent increase in economic growth, the stock price index will improve by 0.09 percent and with a one percent decrease in the economic growth rate, the stock price index will decrease by 0.1 percent.

Money laundering refers to the concealment of the illegal origin of proceeds obtained from criminal activities, making it appear as if they stem from legal sources. This phenomenon has numerous negative impacts on various economic and social spheres; thus, the countries` authorities - alongside international bodies - have sought to combat it by enacting the necessary laws and regulations and enforcing them. This collaboration occurs to prevent the establishment of a free zone for money laundering and ensures that the efficiency of enforcing these regulations is not disrupted. Iran, due to being in the financial Action Task Force (FATF) blacklist, is considered a free zone from this perspective. This makes the research on evaluating money laundering methods applicable to this country and also makes selecting suitable methods significant and appealing. Therefore, this study utilized the findings of the study by Hendriyetty and Grewal (2017) and, considering the information limitations in Iran, employed a combination method using capital flight approach as an index for measuring money laundering. The results of the research indicate that over a 28-year period, from 1995 to 2022, approximately 553 billion dollars have been laundered in Iran, averaging about 20 billion dollars annually. The highest amount of money laundering in Iran occurred in 2011, during which nearly 55 billion dollars was laundered in the country. Additionally, the observations show the lowest amount of money laundering at around 4.8 billion dollars in 2001.

Objective:Examining brand experience, value congruence,and customer engagement for tourism brand productivity.Given the significant effects that brand productivity in the tourism industry can have on a country's prosperity and economic progress, the primary objective of this research is to develop and empirically examine a conceptual model that elucidates the complex relationships among brand experience dimensions,brand value congruence, customer-brand identification, and brand productivity.Furthermore, the study investigates the moderating role of customer-brand engagement within this framework.Methods:The statistical population for this research comprises the tourists visiting the city of Isfahan.Given that the population is unlimited, a sample size of 400 participants was selected based on Cochran's formula, and the sampling method used was convenience sampling.The data was collected through a structured questionnaire.First, the validity and reliability of the measurement scales were assessed. Content validity and convergent validity were established, and the reliability was confirmed through Cronbach's alpha and composite reliability calculations. The results of these assessments were satisfactory. For data analysis, the researchers employed structural equation modeling techniques, utilizing SPSS25 and SmartPLS3.0 software.Results: Sensory experience, effective experience, behavioral experience, intellectual experience and brand value congruence have a positive and significant effect on customer-brand identification.Customer-brand identification has a positive and significant effect on brand productivity.customer-rand engagement can moderate the effect of brand-customer value congruence on customer-brand identification.Conclusions:The results of this research will help the authorities to promote and improve brand productivity in the tourism industry by focusing on customer-brand engagement, brand value congruence and customer-brand identification,and considering different dimensions of customer experiences.