درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Objective: Pelvic inflammatory disease is a chronic disease and a common infection in women which is associated with significant complications. This study aimed to compare cognitive abilities and personality traits in infertile women with and without pelvic inflammatory disease. Method: The research method was causal-comparative and the sample of research included 48 infertile women with pelvic inflammatory disease and 57 infertile women without the pelvic inflammatory disease, who were referred to Al-Zahra Hospital in Rasht in 2021 and were selected through the convenience sampling method. The research instruments were a demographic checklist, the Cognitive Ability Questionnaire (Nejati, 2013), and the Neo Personality Questionnaire (McCrae & Costa, 1985). Research data were analyzed using the Mann-whitney test and multivariate variance analysis. Results: The results showed that there was no difference between infertile women with and without pelvic inflammatory disease in cognitive abilities and personality traits (p >0.05). But there was a significant difference between four of the seven components of cognitive ability (memory; P<0.05, U= 899.00, inhibitory control and selective attention; P<0.05, U= 933.00, decision-making; P<0.05, U= 863.500, and sustained attention; P<0.05, U= 924.500), the total score of the cognitive ability variable (P<0.05, U= 815.000), and openness in both upper and lower levels of education (P <0.05, U= 907.50). Conclusion: Infertility with causes of inflammatory and non-inflammatory did not lead to cognitive dysfunction and differences in personality traits but education as a potentially influential variable can play a crucial role, which needs further research.

 Objective: Patients suffering from psychosomatic disorders such as peptic ulcers struggle with many psychological and physical problems. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of group mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) with emotion-focused therapy (EFT) on cognitive emotional regulation of patients with peptic ulcer. Method: This semi-experimental study was conducted with a pre-test-post-test-3-month follow-up design and a control group. For this purpose, 45 patients were selected through convenience sampling method among patients referred to specialized internal medicine clinics during Jan-March 2023. The participants were randomly assigned to three groups i.e. control (15 people), EFT (15 people), and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (15 people). The intervention groups received eight sessions of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy/ emotion-focused therapy. The control group did not receive any treatment during the study. The participants completed the standard cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire of Garnefski and Kraaij before, after and three months after the interventions. The obtained data were analyzed by repeated measurement analysis of variance and Bonferroni test. Results: Overall, the obtained results showed that EFT and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy are effective in the emotional regulation of patients with peptic ulcers (P=0.001). Comparing the effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy with emotion therapy on adaptive (P=0.56) and maladaptive (P=0.22) emotional regulation showed no significant difference in patients with peptic ulcer. Conclusion: Therefore, it can be said that both emotional therapy methods and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy have a positive effect on the emotional regulation of patients with peptic ulcers, and these two methods can be used for the improvement of emotional improvement in patients. 

Objective: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic and progressive nervous system disease. The present study aimed to compare the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) on the psychosocial adjustment to illness and expanded disability of multiple sclerosis patients. Method: This research was a pretest-posttest controlled quasi-experimental study with a three-month and six-month follow-up. The research population was comprised of all MS patients in Tehran in 2021. Using the purposeful sampling method, 60 people were selected and randomly assigned to ACT and CBT experimental groups and the control group. Drogits' (1986) Psychosocial Adjustment to Illness Scale (PAIS) and expanded disability status scale (EDSS) were used to collect data. The ACT group received eight 120-minute sessions, the CBT group received eight one-hour sessions, and no intervention was provided for the control group. Covariance analysis and post hoc tests were used to analyze the data. Results: The results demonstrated that ACT had a higher effect than CBT in enhancing psychosocial adjustment to illness (P=0.024) and reducing expanded disability (P=0.024), which has been constant in the follow-up stages. Conclusion: In general, both ACT and CBT interventions significantly improved the psychosocial adjustment to illness and reduced the expanded disability of MS patients. However, it is suggested that professionals use ACT intervention for more effectiveness.

 Objective: Being overweight and obese in adolescence is associated with severe health effects during their lifetime The purpose of this study was to explain the mediating role of self-compassion in the relationship between family cohesion, stress, and quality of life with body mass index in adolescent girls Method: The current research was descriptive-multiple linear regression From among the statistical population of the research, 250 teenage girls were selected as the research sample using a multi-stage cluster sampling method, and finally, after dropping 50 people from the sample group, the data of 200 of them were analyzed. The tools of data collection included the Samani Family Cohesion Questionnaires (2001), Byrne and Mazano Stress (2002) Scale, the World Health Organization Quality of Life (1996) questionnaire, and the NAF Self-compassion (2003) inventory. For data analysis, structural equation modeling was performed using SPSS26 and AMOS24 software. Results: The results showed that the model of body mass index based on the quality of life, family cohesion, and stress with the mediating role of self-compassion has a good fit. It also indicated that family cohesion, stress, and quality of life did not predict body mass index in adolescent girls, But quality of life predicts body mass index in adolescent girls. Conclusion: It seems that self-compassion plays a mediating role in the relationship of body mass index with family cohesion, stress, and quality of life in adolescent girls. 

Objectives: The present study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral training on the body image of women with eating disorder symptoms. Method: The research method was semi-experimental (pre-test-post-test design with an unequal control group). The statistical population of the research included all women with eating symptoms who were referred to nutritional clinics, psychotherapy centers, and fitness and aerobics clubs in Kashan City in 2021. Among them, 20 people were selected through convenience sampling and randomly assigned into two control and experimental groups. The measurement tool included the satisfaction with body image questionnaire (2002). The experimental group was exposed to 10 sessions of cognitive behavioral training, and during this time, the control group was placed on the waiting list. Multivariate and one-way analysis of covariance was used for data analysis by SPSS software version 22. Results: The results showed a significant difference in the linear combination of body image scores of women with symptoms of eating disorders and food between groups. Conclusion: According to the results, the body satisfaction scores of the experimental group increased in the post-test compared to the control group. Also, the scores of dissatisfaction with body image have decreased in this group. In conclusion, the change in scores indicates the positive effect of cognitive behavioral training.

Objective: Previous research has shown that health engagement accounts for a substantial variance in positive attitudes about the COVID-19 vaccine in public. However, these studies are hardly able to explain intrapersonal characteristics. Thus, we examined the moderating effect of four character strengths (kindness, critical thinking, fairness, and prudence) in the relation between health engagement and positive attitudes to the COVID-19 vaccine.Method: The population consisted of all university students living in Mashhad. A sample of 600 individuals was recruited through convenience sampling. The participants completed a battery of questionnaires including a health engagement questionnaire, Values in Action-Inventory of Strengths, and attitudes towards vaccination questionnaire during the COVID-19 pandemic. A hierarchical regression model and slope analysis were used to examine the moderation effect.Results: The findings indicated a positive and significant correlation between health engagement and a positive attitude towards vaccination (r=.23; p<.01). The character strengths were significantly and positively associated with health engagement (r=.18; p<.01), and a positive attitude toward vaccination (r=.30; p<.01). Moreover, the moderating effect of character strengths on the relationship between health engagement and a positive attitude towards vaccination was significant (t=-4.08; p<.001).Conclusion: Therefore, the character strengths could moderate the effect of health engagement on a positive attitude towards vaccination. It can be concluded that character strengths have a moderating effect on making health-related decisions in stressful conditions such as the COVID-19 pandemic.

Objective: The present study aimed to compare the effectiveness of autogenic training and progressive muscle relaxation in improving the anxiety components of women with chest pain. Method: The research method was experimental with a pre-test-post-test design, a control group, and a three-month follow-up. The statistical population included all women with chest pain in Karaj city in 2021. using a purposeful sampling method, 60 patients with chest pain in Shahid Rajaei Hospital were selected and randomly assigned into three groups autogenic training, progressive muscle relaxation training, and control group. Autogenic training was provided in twelve 90-minute sessions, and progressive muscle relaxation intervention was administered in eight 2-hour sessions. Beck's (1988) anxiety questionnaires, Tylor & Cox (1998) revised anxiety sensitivity, and Rapee, et al (1996) perception of anxiety control was used to collect data. Data analysis was done using covariance analysis and post hoc test methods. Results: The results showed that autogenic training and progressive muscle relaxation alone have been effective in reducing anxiety symptoms, anxiety sensitivity and perception of anxiety control and autogenic training was more effective in improving anxiety components compared to progressive muscle relaxation (p<0.05). Conclusion: Considering the greater effectiveness of autogenic training on the anxiety components, it is suggested that relevant experts use this intervention to reduce the anxiety of patients with chest pain.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to predict marital satisfaction based on health anxiety and self-efficacy with the mediation role of mindfulness in women with multiple sclerosis. Method: The present research method was descriptive-correlational using structural equation modeling (path analysis). The statistical population included 14899 married women with diplomas and higher education who were members of the Tehran MS Association in 2021. Using the Cochran formula, 342 women were selected as research samples through convenience sampling. All participants responded to four questionnaires, including Olson et al.’s Marital Satisfaction, Salkovskis et al.’s Health Anxiety, Schwarzer and Jerusalem’s Self-efficacy, and Baer et al.’s Mindfulness questionnaires. Results: The results showed the direct effect of marital satisfaction through self-efficacy and health anxiety was significant (P<0/05). Also, the indirect effect of marital satisfaction through mindfulness was significant (P<0/05). Conclusion: According to the results, mindfulness plays a mediating role in the relationship between health anxiety, self-efficacy, and marital satisfaction.