MS

Objective: This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of Cognitive-Behavioral Stress Management (CBSM) on distress tolerance, pain perception, and interleukin-12 (IL-12) in patients with Multiple Sclerosis (MS). Method: The present study was a quasi-experimental design with pretest-posttest and follow-up with control group. The statistical population included all female patients with relapsing-remitting MS who had referred to Neuroscience and Rehabilitation Research Centers of Tehran University of Medical Sciences. 20 patients were selected by convenience sampling and were randomly assigned into experimental (10 patients) and control groups (10 patients). The experimental group received the CBSM. Participants completed scales. To measure IL-12, the Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) was used. The data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) and Bonferroni post-hoc test. Results: CBSM increased the distress tolerance and components of pain perception (perceived influence of important people and doing daily affairs) (p <0.001) and it decreased pain severity and IL-12. Also, these changes remained stable during follow-up. Conclusions: CBSM is an effective to influence on distress tolerance, pain perception, and IL-12 in MS patients.

objective: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of group therapy in cognitive-behavioral manner on anxiety, stress and despair of Multiple sclerosis patients in Tehran. Method: This study was a quasi-experimental study with pre-test-post-test with control group. Twenty patients referred to the available medical centers were selected as a sample and randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups. In this study, Kalmogorov-Smirnov, Levene and Covarians tests were evaluated with Spss software. also, Beck Anxiety Inventory Questionnaire, Cohen's Perceived Stress Questionnaire (PSQ) and Beck's Hopelessness Scale questionnaire were applied to collect data. Results: The results of the present study showed that there is a significant difference between the experimental and control group of anxiety, stress and despair with 95% confidence level. Therefore, all three main hypotheses were confirmed and the null hypothesis was rejected. In reducing anxiety, stress, and despair in MS patients, group therapy is effective in a cognitive-behavioral manner. Conclusion: Cognitive-behavioral group therapy reduced stress, anxiety and despair in patients with MS and improved mental health of these patients. Therefore, this treatment method can be considered a treatment in clinics.

Objective: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic and progressive nervous system disease. The present study aimed to compare the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) on the psychosocial adjustment to illness and expanded disability of multiple sclerosis patients. Method: This research was a pretest-posttest controlled quasi-experimental study with a three-month and six-month follow-up. The research population was comprised of all MS patients in Tehran in 2021. Using the purposeful sampling method, 60 people were selected and randomly assigned to ACT and CBT experimental groups and the control group. Drogits' (1986) Psychosocial Adjustment to Illness Scale (PAIS) and expanded disability status scale (EDSS) were used to collect data. The ACT group received eight 120-minute sessions, the CBT group received eight one-hour sessions, and no intervention was provided for the control group. Covariance analysis and post hoc tests were used to analyze the data. Results: The results demonstrated that ACT had a higher effect than CBT in enhancing psychosocial adjustment to illness (P=0.024) and reducing expanded disability (P=0.024), which has been constant in the follow-up stages. Conclusion: In general, both ACT and CBT interventions significantly improved the psychosocial adjustment to illness and reduced the expanded disability of MS patients. However, it is suggested that professionals use ACT intervention for more effectiveness.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is one of the most common neurological diseases. The disease is clinically defined by the involvement of different parts of the central nervous system (CNS) at various times. Its peak incidence is between the ages of 20 and 40. The experience of pain plays an important role in the mental health and quality of life of MS patients. Research also shows that if MS patients have high levels of self-compassion, they can more easily manage negative situations. This research aims to determine the effectiveness of mindfulness training programs on the perception of pain experience and self-compassion in MS patients. Method: >The current research is an experiment with available sampling methods. The sample includes 40 MS patients, 20 in the experimental group and 20 in the control group. Mindfulness training programs (Kabat—Zinn), the McGill Pain Experience Scale (MPQ), and the NF Self-Compassion Questionnaire (SCS-LF) were used to collect data. The data were analyzed through the statistical test of multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA). Results: >The results showed that the average difference between the groups regarding pain experience (F=49.270) and self-compassion (F=51.249) is significant. Therefore, it can be said that increasing self-compassion leads to higher efficiency in facing stressful situations. Conclusion >: Enhancing cognitive processes, particularly self-compassion, through mindfulness training can significantly influence individuals’ perception of pain. It is recommended that families receive appropriate training to develop strategies aimed at strengthening mindfulness skills in individuals.