درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Purpose: The current research was done with employing comparative studies and its aim was developing a perceptual appropriate framework of Iranian teacher’s dispatch to schools abroad. Methodology: The Iran's dispatch component and the selective countries, (included: America, France, Germany, Canada, England, Russia, Australia, Turkish, Japan, South Korean and Singapore) was identified and extracted for the developing of a perceptual appropriate framework. Then descriptive method for validation and presenting an appropriate perceptual framework was employed. In the last three period of dispatch, all accepted teachers were included in statistical society which 250 of them, were selected in simple random sampling. Their questionnaires had a lot of components which it was needed for their dispatch in abroad. For doing this research, 54 factors in conceptual model were determined as observed variables and 8 extracted factors from exploratory factor analysis as latent variable and the dispatch of teachers as second latent variable, were determined too. Findings: The findings show that all factors had significant meaning on their own factors and management authority, selecting and protection, mastering on computer, interviewing, mastering on language, professional competence, health and test, respectively had the most load of factor and the most weight of factor in the second dispatch of teachers in abroad. Discussion: Therefore, the appropriate perceptual framework of the dispatch of Iranian teachers in abroad, was a combination of normalized components in the dispatch model of Iranian teachers and selective countries in abroad. So it's worthy that we consider the archived factors and their components which had the most load of factor in the new method of letter for the further selections.

Purpose: This study is investigating the position of components of sustainable development in experimental science course of Elementary Schools of Iran and presenting an optimum framework and its validation. Methodology: The statistical population is a group of monitoring experts on the components of sustainable development as well as a set of experimental science textbooks in sixth grade of elementary schools of Iran during the academic year of 2016-2017. The sample size according to Morgan's sampling table in expert group was 80 and 12 volumes of textbooks sets, including teacher guides. The sample size in the group of experts was 80 according to Morgan's sampling table and 12 volumes in the collection of textbooks, including teacher guides. Findings: The results of the research indicate that the amount of emphasis on the component of the consumption pattern was 5.24% in objectives, 5.86% in educational content, 6.05% in teaching method and 6.69% in assessment. In the waste disposal component, the emphasis is: 4.1% in objectives, 2.15 % in educational content, 2.78% in teaching method and 5.1% in assessment. In the component of animal conservation, the emphasis is: 15.68 % in objectives, 18.03 % in educational content, 9.4 % in teaching method and 9.39 % in assessment In the energy component, the emphasis is: 12.29 % in objectives, 14.59 % in educational content, 14.66 % in teaching method and 13.25 % in assessment. Discussion: In sum, the amount of emphasis of the curriculum of the experimental science course of Elementary Schools was in middle level compared to the six components of sustainable development, and needs to be reviewed.

The increasing expansion of international trade, especially after World War II, on the one hand, and the interest of countries with free economic system to liberalize their commercial rules, on the other hand, have made law scholars to find ways to adapt with these changes. The result of this effort is called "International Trade Law." The necessity of economic and commercial cooperation between governments and the necessity of the cooperation of traders at the international arena as well as the uniformity of the laws and regulations governing documentary credits led the International Chamber of Commerce to for the first time introduce and approve this commercial customs and practice as a legal entity in 1933; these regulations were published under the title of Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credits (UCPDC) and were made available to traders. These regulations have been adapted to the changing commercial customs in line with the rapid changes in the world economy. The regulations are revised every ten years, and its latest revisions were published in 1993 under the title of the Publication 500. This paper will review the Iranian, US, and international law approaches bank documentary credits in order to explain the nature and legal implications of these international trade mechanisms in the light of the studies conducted, and, ultimately, make a comparison between the three legal sources mentioned.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare theory of Mind, IQ and attention of normal and hypothyroidism students. Materials & Methods: The research method was causal – comparative. The statistical society of it includes students studying in first-grade section of Saveh city that among them, 346 people were selected using random cluster sampling. In the first stage, 30 students were diagnosed with hypothyroidism by clinical examination and measurement of urinary iodine and 30 people were selected as healthful group (witness). In the second stage, the revised Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children and the color-word Stroop test was performed to measure IQ, theory of mind and attention in both hypothyroidism and normal groups. Multivariate variance analysis, the mean and standard deviation were used to test the hypothesis. Findings: The results showed that there was a significant difference between theory of mind, the amount of IQ and attention of normal students with hypothyroidism students. The mean verbal and nonverbal and overall IQ of healthy group compared to hypothyroidism group was respectively 21.5 and 25 and 25.5 more .also, the theory of mind and attention in hypothyroidism group was reduced compared to normal group. Theory of mind, attention and IQ of hypothyroidism students was lower than normal students. Conclusion: in addition to intelligence, theory of mind and attention of hypothyroidism students was different from normal students.

Purpose: The aim of the current research was investigating the rate of philosophical thought in gifted third grade high school students of Zahedan on the basis of Smith Theory. Materials and method: Research methodology was deceptive-correlational. 180 students were selected employing random cluster sampling method among a Statistical population including 360 students and Smits (1998) philosophical mind questionnaire with a 97 percent Cronbach alpha was applied for data collection as a research instrument. One sample t test was employed for analyzing the data. Findings: Findings reveal that students were in desirable and acceptable position in 4 components of Smith’s Theory which was released from inflexibility, evaluating theories and thoughts free from their source, having a multidimensional view and patience in temporary augment. Also results reveals that flexibility of gifted third grade high school students of Zahedan was higher than mean score of normal students. Discussion: it was as a result of high intelligence capability of gifted students.

Purpose: This research was conducted with the aim of studying the essential components of curriculum social education in the elementary period. Methodology: The statistical population of the study included upstream documents such as the Transformation Document and the National Curriculum, both fully analyzed and analyzed. The statistical population and the statistical sample are equal in this research. The sample was the subject of the research. The results of this research show that social education in upstream documents is not as good as the goals. In the goals, the cognitive dimension is considered more than two other dimensions. Functional dimension has been neglected. To succeed, a program requires full attention to all three dimensions (cognitive, emotional, and functional). Findings: According to the research findings, the essential components of social education are the sense of truth of truth; tendency toward goodness; tendency towards gamal; tendency to creativity; virtue; aestheticism; creativity and innovation; love and worship; an inherent tendency toward worship ; Perfectionism; desire for immortality; truthfulness; desire for goodness; human tendency towards absolute perfection and worship; human tendency toward absolute perfection and worship; nature and freedom; nature and authority; opposition to human humility against one's being with fitting ; The integrity of jihad and defense; nature and justice; the requirements of nature regarding the homework and social rights of individuals; The integrity of the building of the tomb and its pilgrimage; the nature of truth-seeking and realism and adherence to the right. Discussion: The essential components of social education are the reference to the universe for the subjection of science; the adherence to science; the innate nature of science to the outside world; the innate logic of thought through the compilation of the premises And deduction from it; the nature of love; the nature of the attenuation and the nature of the possibility; the subjection of nature; the nature of the hope and the rhya; the nature of the illness and the nature of the defect and the principle of the principle.

Purpose: Teachers, like other human beings are affected by the fallacy of ‘Halo Effect’. Regarding their role in teaching and training students, this study tried to investigate the halo effect in relation to appearance, gender, and proficiency of teachers. Methodology: In order to perform such an evaluation, this study used 350 males and female EFL students and 53 males and female EFL teachers of universities and institutes of Karaj. Three questionnaires (appearance, gender, and proficiency questionnaires) were designed and evaluated. The questionnaires were distributed among students and after the students answered them the questionnaires were gathered. Findings: The results of this study showed that proficiency was the most important feature for both male and female students. The second important feature for students was teacher's appearance. Gender was the least important feature of a teacher for students. The students think of the proficiency as the most important factor. According to the results of data analysis of students' final marks in real situation (classroom environment), the most important factor affecting the achievement of students in a positive way was appearance of a teacher. Thus, appearance of a teacher can cause halo effect. Teachers and educational system can benefit from the results of this study. Conclusion: Teachers should be sensitive to proficiency and appearance in order to be better teachers, and educational system can understand strengths and weaknesses of the process of hiring teachers regarding appearance and proficiency.