درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Purpose-Various factors influence changes in rural lifestyles, with one of the most important being rural-urban linkages. The aim of this paper is to examine the role of rural-urban linkages in changing the lifestyle of rural households across three dimensions: social, economic, and cultural. Design/methodology/approach- The research method is descriptive-analytical, and data collection was conducted through library research for theoretical studies and via questionnaires for the field study. The statistical population includes the villages of the Lasht Nesha district in Rasht County. A sample of 360 respondents was selected using Cochran's formula and a simple random sampling method. Data were analyzed using linear regression and multivariate regression tests. Finding- The research findings regarding the linear relationship between rural-urban linkages and changes in rural household lifestyles revealed a significant relationship between these two variables. Additionally, the results showed that the most significant impacts of rural-urban linkages were in the cultural, social, and economic dimensions, respectively. Specifically, in the cultural dimension, consumerism and cultural and linguistic changes were most prominent; in the social dimension, changes in clothing and behavior; and in the economic dimension, materialism, wealth accumulation, and income generation experienced the greatest changes.

Purpose- This research examines the impact of social factors on the sustainability and success of rural entrepreneurship in the eastern border of Zayandeh River, Isfahan, Iran. Design/methodology/approach- Using a qualitative grounded theory approach, data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 40 key stakeholders, including rural entrepreneurs, local managers, agricultural jihad managers and experts, entrepreneurship experts, and rural development specialists. MAXQDA software was used for data analysis. Findings- The findings of this research show that trust, support, social participation and teamwork are very important for the success and sustainability of rural entrepreneurship. Mutual trust between entrepreneurs and communities, active participation in economic initiatives and joint efforts, increases innovation, productivity and adaptability in rural businesses. In addition, cultural norms and local power dynamics significantly influence entrepreneurial behaviors. Practical implications- Policymakers should prioritize strengthening local financial institutions, fostering entrepreneurial culture, and adopting participatory methods for designing and implementing entrepreneurship programs. These measures can help to increase the economic capabilities of rural communities. Creating equal opportunities for all members of society and rebuilding trust between rural communities and government institutions is necessary and mandatory. This trust can lead to improved collaborations and effective partnerships. Also, strategies to remove the cultural barriers of entrepreneurship are also necessary to create a suitable environment for innovation and growth and to encourage more people to engage in entrepreneurial activities. Originality/value- This study contributes to the existing literature by providing an integrated conceptual model of social factors affecting the sustainability of rural entrepreneurship. It enhances understanding of the social dynamics that shape entrepreneurial ecosystems in rural areas, particularly areas facing environmental and economic challenges. The obtained insights can provide effective policies and interventions aimed at promoting sustainable rural entrepreneurship in similar contexts. 

Purpose- Coastal regions are some of the most popular tourism destinations worldwide and tourism can be a promising tool for enhancing dimensions of social-cultural resilience. The more resilient a community is to sudden, unexpected, or chronic economic, political, social, and environmental (negative) events, the less vulnerable it is to these disruptions. This study aimed to investigate the impact of socio-cultural resilience dimensions of coastal regions on sustainable tourism development in coastal regions of Bushehr, Iran.  Design/methodology/approach- This study is applied in terms of its objective and is correlational-descriptive in nature. Based on the type of data collected and analyzed, it is a quantitative study. The target population comprised 1686 socio-cultural experts involved in tourism development in Bushehr City. A sample of 313 participants was selected using random sampling, based on Cochran's formula. The study utilized two questionnaires: a Sustainable Tourism Development questionnaire and a Socio-Cultural Resilience questionnaire. Smart Plus and SPSS software version 26, and parametric, and nonparametric statistical tests were used to analyze the findings. Findings- The results showed a significant positive relationship between socio-cultural resilience in coastal regions and the level of tourism development in Bushehr Province. The regression coefficient for the impact of sociocultural resilience on tourism development as a dependent variable was 0.767. The regression coefficients for the cultural, environmental, economic, and social dimensions were 0.713, 0.839, 0.773, and 0.611, respectively. The coefficient of determination (R²) for sustainable tourism development was 0.589, indicating that 58.9% of the variance in sustainable tourism development in coastal areas can be explained by sociocultural resilience. The R² values ​​for the cultural, environmental, economic and social dimensions were 0.508 (50.8%), 0.703 (70.3%), 0.597 (59.7%) and 0.373 (37.3%), respectively. Practical implications- The results of this study have significant implications for the development of public policies related to sustainable tourism. In conclusion, given the diverse tourism opportunities and potentials of Bushehr Province in coastal areas, especially in the field of water and coastal sports, tourism managers and planners as well as researchers and scientists must show the necessary commitment to the formation and development of this industry through proper planning and determining appropriate strategies. It concludes by presenting some policy-making guidelines for a tourism destination manager.

Purpose- To examine the architectural and economic strategies of rural business spaces from the perspective of experts. Design/methodology/approach- In synthesis of literature review, after reviewing 47 articles found, the relationships between variables in first relation between R.B.S & R.B.A: The components were extracted & converted to 8 components based on the Roberts synthesis method. But since the main unknown of the research was Architecture & speciology of the building, according to the gaps extracted 8 types of architecture were compiled & the axial coding & 8 research content was extracted from it. Then the content-target-table was generated.  In the current step, since theoretical foundations were insufficient, a combined research method was used & the Delphi research method was used in this phase of research. The study community had 41 elite subjects (rural-urban-architectural-entrepreneurial). To analyze the data collected based on the Q factor analysis extracted results & ultimately the most influential factors on the RBS & RBP from each of the specified spatial attributes. The results of the study indicate that in total, 3 categories are emphasized, 5 categories in the 2nd priority, 3 categories are not generally approved by this community, but in some factors it is emphasized. Findings- In response to the research question of what the classification and perspective of the community of experts are on the architectural strategies of rural business spaces, there are 7 views in this regard: Requirements for multi-purpose spaces (second activity): separate, isolated, sanitary, and Indigenous (12.67%); Second activity in the form of multi-purpose buildings or increasing the area for the construction of a sales place in rural buildings (11.49%); The sales Place is equipped with isolation (10.07%); Sanitary and isolated interior architecture (cultivation space) (8.06%); Indigenous model of Health and isolation (7.85%); Reconstruction of old buildings by equipping, and separating and increasing the business area (7.68%)  and etc. Reseach limitation/implications- Interdisciplinary and lack of coherent studies and literature on Rural Business Architecture (R B A) and multi-purpose & hybrid building and architecpreneure (architecture + entrepreneurship). Originality/value– Research started with the hypothesis of multifunctionalization of production spaces, but ultimately concepts such as health & reducing the penetration of the second activity pest were given priority over multifunctioning & combining activities. There for the priority of health concepts & sales & second activity is the innovation of this research.

Purpose- Access to safe and clean water remains a critical global concern, especially in rural areas of developing countries where infrastructural and institutional limitations are prevalent. In Tanzania, particularly in the Simiyu Region, water insecurity is further compounded by limited community participation in the planning stages of rural water projects. While participatory approaches are widely advocated to improve sustainability and responsiveness of such initiatives, there remains limited empirical evidence on the socio-economic and institutional factors influencing household-level participation. The main purpose of this research is to analyze the determinants of community participation in rural water project planning in Simiyu region, Tanzania by employing a Logit Model Approach. Design/Methods/Approach- This study addresses this gap by analyzing the determinants of community involvement using a logit regression model, drawing from data collected through a cross-sectional survey of 217 respondents. The sample was derived using Yamane’s (1967) formula, and a mixed sampling technique was applied to ensure representativeness across demographic and socio-economic groups. Structured questionnaires were employed for data collection, and the resulting data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and logistic regression methods. Findings- The results revealed that several variables significantly influence participation. These include age (marginal effect = 0.116, p < 0.05), gender (0.098, p < 0.05), occupation—particularly among those engaged in livestock keeping (0.161, p < 0.05) and small businesses (0.177, p < 0.05)-as well as income level. Additionally, community awareness (0.247, p < 0.05) and prior experience with development initiatives (0.175, p < 0.05) were strong positive predictors. Cultural norms were found to influence gendered participation, with male respondents more likely to be involved in decision-making processes. Practical implications- These findings emphasize the importance of integrating gender-sensitive and participatory planning approaches to ensure alignment with local needs and to promote sustainability. Original/Value- The study recommends targeted policy interventions including community capacity-building, equitable policy frameworks, and strengthened local governance mechanisms to foster inclusive participation. Institutionalizing participatory approaches and promoting gender equity will be crucial in enhancing community ownership, improving project outcomes, and ensuring long-term water security in rural Tanzania.