مطالب

Introduction: Social responsibility as an ethical framework commits a person, whether an individual or an organization, to participate in social affairs, the implementation of which will benefit society at large. Given the importance of this component, the aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between social irresponsibility and deviant behavior in the workplace with regard to the mediating role of moral anger in employees of Yasuj University of Medical Sciences. Material and Methods: The research method is of an applied type based on the purpose and is descriptive-survey in nature. The statistical population of this study is 141 employees of Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, which was selected as a sample due to the small size of the target population. The data collection tools were questionnaires on social irresponsibility, deviant behavior, and moral anger. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics (structural equation modeling method with partial least squares approach) in SPSS and PLS software were used to analyze the data. Results: The results of the findings showed that social irresponsibility has a positive and significant effect on moral anger, moral anger has a significant and positive effect on deviant behavior, social irresponsibility has a significant and positive effect on deviant behavior, and social irresponsibility has a significant and positive effect on deviant behavior, considering the mediating role of moral anger. Conclusion: The complex relationships between the research variables indicate that the higher the anger and moral deviance in individuals, the greater the likelihood of aggressive behavior and social irresponsibility.

This research investigated the impact of varying planning conditions and task types on the accuracy of pupils' speaking abilities. Utilizing the Oxford Placement Test (OPT), 80 intermediate female participants nominated for the research and assigned to four untouched classes. These classes were planned as the individual-planning personal task class (IPPT class), the individual-planning decision-making task class (IPDT class), the class-planning personal task class (CPPT class), and the class-planning decision-making task class (CPDT class). Two concurrent decision making tasks were planned to be conducted both at the beginning and at the end of the experiment, while a six-week intervention was scheduled in between. Three sessions were dedicated to administering the OPT test, the pretest, and the posttest; and the students accomplished two dissimilar task types under two diverse planning situations throughout the other three treatment meetings. The results from the one-way ANOVA discovered that pre-task planning conditions and task types significantly influence the accuracy of speaking. These outcomes reinforce the notion that planning conditions have meaningful results on pupils' accomplishment in personal and decision-making tasks. Consequently, both planning conditions proved real in enhancing students' performance in speaking tasks. It is suggested that educators should give considerable attention to pre-task planning to alleviate EFL pupils' challenges in attaining upper ranks of accuracy in their speaking abilities.

Objective: This study aimed to explore how humor functions as a coping mechanism that contributes to marital satisfaction among couples in Slovenia. Methods and Materials: A qualitative design was employed, relying on semi-structured interviews to capture couples’ lived experiences of humor in marriage. Twenty-four participants (12 couples) from Slovenia, married for at least three years, were recruited using purposive sampling. Interviews were conducted until theoretical saturation was achieved, with each session lasting between 60 and 90 minutes. Data were transcribed verbatim and analyzed thematically using NVivo 14 software. Trustworthiness was enhanced through peer debriefing, member checking, and triangulation with field notes. Findings: Four major themes emerged from the data: (1) Humor as an Emotional Buffer, where couples described humor as a strategy for stress relief, emotional recovery, and conflict de-escalation; (2) Humor and Intimacy, highlighting the role of shared jokes, playful teasing, and affectionate humor in strengthening closeness and trust; (3) Humor as a Communication Strategy, with participants explaining how humor allowed them to soften criticism, indirectly express sensitive issues, and repair conflicts; and (4) Humor and Marital Resilience, where humor facilitated coping with external stressors, fostered perspective-taking, and sustained hope during challenges such as illness or financial strain. Couples reported that affiliative and self-enhancing humor styles were most beneficial, while aggressive humor could undermine satisfaction. Humor was also noted as increasingly expressed through digital interactions, including memes and messaging. Conclusion: The findings suggest that humor is a multidimensional coping resource in marriage, functioning simultaneously as an emotional, relational, communicative, and resilience-enhancing tool. While humor generally promotes marital satisfaction, its effects depend on style and context. These insights highlight the importance of constructive humor in maintaining healthy, satisfying, and enduring marital relationships.

Objective: This study aimed to examine the direct and indirect relationships between spousal support and marital satisfaction, with gratitude expression as a mediating variable. Methods and Materials: A descriptive correlational design was employed with 370 married individuals from Armenia, selected based on the Morgan and Krejcie sampling table. Data were collected using standardized instruments for marital satisfaction, spousal support, and gratitude expression. Analyses were conducted in two stages: Pearson correlation analysis in SPSS-27 to examine bivariate associations, and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) in AMOS-21 to test the hypothesized mediating model. Model fit was evaluated using established indices, including χ²/df, GFI, AGFI, CFI, TLI, and RMSEA. Findings: Pearson correlations revealed that spousal support was significantly associated with both marital satisfaction (r = .58, p < .001) and gratitude expression (r = .51, p < .001), while gratitude expression was also correlated with marital satisfaction (r = .46, p < .001). SEM demonstrated acceptable model fit (χ²/df = 1.93, GFI = 0.93, AGFI = 0.91, CFI = 0.96, TLI = 0.95, RMSEA = 0.049). Direct effects showed that spousal support positively predicted marital satisfaction (β = 0.37, p < .001) and gratitude expression (β = 0.44, p < .001), while gratitude expression also predicted marital satisfaction (β = 0.29, p = .001). The indirect effect of spousal support on marital satisfaction through gratitude expression was significant (β = 0.13, p = .002), confirming partial mediation. Conclusion: Findings underscore the dual importance of supportive behaviors and gratitude expression in shaping marital satisfaction. Spousal support enhances satisfaction both directly and indirectly by fostering gratitude, suggesting that couples who both provide support and express appreciation are more likely to sustain fulfilling relationships.