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باستان شناسی

ادبیات اقتصاد تاریخ تربیت بدنی جغرافیا حقوق روانشناسی زبان شناسی علم اطلاعات و دانش‌شناسی علوم اجتماعی علوم اسلامی علوم انسانی علوم تربیتی علوم سیاسی فلسفه و منطق مدیریت مطالعات زنان هنر و معماری
ایران اسلامی ایران باستان ایران پیش از تاریخ تاریخ جهان فلسفه تاریخ گروه های ویژه نقد و بررسی کتاب
آثار و آرای تاریخ پژوهان و باستان شناسان ایرانی آثار و آرای تاریخ پژوهان و باستان شناسان جهان ایلات و عشایر باستان شناسی برنامه ریزی و فنون آموزش تاریخ تاریخ ادیان تاریخ پزشکی تاریخ زنان تاریخ فرهنگی-اجتماعی-اداری ایران تاریخ مذاهب تاریخ مطبوعات تاریخ نگاری تاریخ نگری جغرافیای تاریخی جنبش ها و قیام های یکصد سال اخیر خلیج فارس و دریای خزر سفرنامه و سفرنامه نویسان سکه شناسی سند شناسی و سندپژوهی شخصیت ها فعالیت های مذهبی (فعالیت های ادیان، فرق و مذاهب) مجلس شورای ملی منابع و کلیات
چیستی علم باستان شناسی قوانین و فنون حمایت و حفاظت از آثار باستانی یاستان شناسی آثار هنری و بومی ملل
ترتیب بر اساس: جدیدترینپربازدیدترین
فیلترهای جستجو: فیلتری انتخاب نشده است.
نمایش ۱ تا ۲۰ مورد از کل ۲٬۲۷۵ مورد.
۱.

An Interdisciplinary Research on the Bedrock Ground Stones For The Bawa Yawan Rockshelter, West-Central Zagros Mountains, Iran(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: Persica Antiqua, Volume ۶, Issue ۱۰, January ۲۰۲۶ 77 - 83

کلیدواژه‌ها: West-Central Zagros Bawa Yawan Bedrock groundstone Classification Microfossil

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تعداد بازدید : ۱۹۳ تعداد دانلود : ۱۳۷
The late Pleistocene period witnessed significant shifts in human lifestyle and behaviour across various regions in the Old World, as indicated by prehistoric archaeological evidence. These shifts reflect a transition from hunting to a greater emphasis on activities related to gathering plants. Archaeological findings demonstrate the utilization of plants in diverse forms, including the emergence of Bedrock Ground Stone (BGS) at prehistoric sites. In the realm of archaeological research, these remains are deemed crucial man-made artefacts, shedding light on essential aspects such as nutrition, culture, vegetation, food processing, and the presence of medicinal and toxic substances within ancient human societies. Given the existing research gap and the paramount significance of these artefacts in archaeological and anthropological studies, the Diyarmehr Institute for Paleolithic Research, for the first time in Iran, has committed to undertaking comprehensive and scientific investigations of the BGS in the Nawadrwn valley in the  Kermanshah region. Owing to its geographical positioning and environmental abundance, the west-central Zagros range has historically attracted and served as a conducive habitat for diverse human groups across various epochs. This study represents a multi-disciplinary research endeavour focused on 24 bedrock groundstones (BGS) discovered in the Prehistoric Bawa Yawan rockshelters within Nawdarwan valley. Detailed morphological and geochemical analyses have unveiled their multifaceted utility, encompassing purposes such as herbal processing and extraction, and their use in three instances as stone lamps.
۳.

Rome and Parthia

نویسنده:
منبع: Caspian, Volume ۳, Issue ۵, January ۲۰۲۵ 63 - 66

کلیدواژه‌ها: Rome Parthia Politics of Peace

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تعداد بازدید : ۱۳۴ تعداد دانلود : ۱۰۵
The relationship between Rome and Parthia is one of the most important issues in ancient history. Still, only some scholars, such as archaeologists, historians, and linguists, have written books and articles about this subject. Rome, Parthia, and the Politics of Peace, The Origins of War in the Ancient Middle East, by Jason M. Schlude, is a new book in this field.
۴.

Kuh-i Sukhteh’s Shrine in Omidiyeh: A Fire Temple from the Sasanian Period in Southwestern Iran?(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: Persica Antiqua, Volume ۶, Issue ۱۰, January ۲۰۲۶ 23 - 42

کلیدواژه‌ها: Kuh-i Sukhteh Asak Fire temple

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Kuh-i Sukhteh in Omidiyeh, one of the most important but less-known areas in southwestern Iran, is between Omidiyeh and today’s Aghajari. This area was considered a part of the Asak region (one of Arjan environs). Active sources of fire plagued this area in ancient times due to its natural bed, and it was probably a place for the construction of shrines, including the Zoroastrian fire temple. This spatial feature was observed and written about by travelers and authors of the first and middle Islamic centuries. Historical texts refer to this area as a volcano, fire, fire temple, and fire altar. This research aims to compare the material presented by historical texts with archaeological data to locate the Asak fire temple. Conducting this research is necessary to complete the puzzle of the communication route between Ramhormoz and Arjan and identify the architectural structures related to the settlement and possible Zoroastrian shrines in this route. This research tries to answer this question: What is the connection between the Kuh-i Sukhteh area and Zoroastrian religious buildings in the Sasanian and the first Islamic centuries? Conclusion: Based on information from the historical and geographical texts of the first to middle Islamic centuries and archaeological data, including pottery and architectural remains, the Kuh-i Sukhteh in Omidiyeh is an adaptable place for the ancient fire temple of Asak. However, archaeological excavations seem necessary to document more architectural structures. The present study’s data result from authors’ survey studies and citation studies, and we have concluded by historical, descriptive analysis.
۵.

Rescue Archaeology Survey in the Reservoir Area of Azaroud Dam, Mazandaran: A Look at Environmental Capacities and Tourism Attractions

نویسنده:
منبع: Caspian, Volume ۳, Issue ۵, January ۲۰۲۵ 3 - 22

کلیدواژه‌ها: Archaeological Survey Azaroud Dam human settlements Environmental conditions Geology

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تعداد بازدید : ۳۸ تعداد دانلود : ۴۰
This study aimed to identify and document archaeological sites within the catchment area of the Azaroud Dam and to prepare an archaeological map of the region. The primary research question was whether there is evidence of historical human settlements in the Azaroud Dam reservoir area and how environmental and geological factors have influenced the formation or absence of such settlements. The methodology was based on a field survey of the region. The results indicate that there is no evidence of historical human settlements within the Azaroud Dam reservoir area. Only scattered fragments of eroded pottery were found along the riverbanks, likely transported to the area by seasonal floods from upstream regions. Environmental and geological analyses also reveal that factors such as dense forest cover, steep slopes, difficult terrain, and annual torrential rainfall have created unfavorable conditions for the establishment of permanent or even temporary settlements in this area. However, these findings are limited to the reservoir area, and the possibility of human settlements in adjacent areas, particularly in upstream regions with gentler slopes and flatter terrain, cannot be ruled out. Despite this, the significant tourism potential of the studied area, both naturally and due to the construction of the Azaroud Dam, can play a prominent role in attracting investment and promoting sustainable development in the region.
۶.

Tepe Talebkhan: A Bronze Age Settlement in Sistan, Iran(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: Persica Antiqua, Volume ۶, Issue ۱۰, January ۲۰۲۶ 3 - 22

کلیدواژه‌ها: Sistan Southeastern Iran Bronze Age Bullae Token Architecture

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تعداد بازدید : ۴۹ تعداد دانلود : ۴۰
In the second half of the fourth millennium BCE, a settlement was established at Shahr-i Sokhta in Sistan​​. Simultaneously, during this period, the Porto-Elamite horizon emerged in a large zone of the Near East, especially on the eastern part of the Iranian Plateau. During the first quarter of the third millennium BCE and the early urbanization phase, Shahr-i Sokhta, an early urban center, expanded largely, and many satellite sites developed around it. To obtain some information on the economic and cultural interactions between Shahr-i Sokhta and these peripheral settlements, Tepe Talebkhan has been chosen for excavations and further detailed studies. In the article, by using the materials found during the fifth season of excavations at Tepe Talebkhan, the focus was to shed more light on the main cultural characteristics of the site and its mutual ties with Shahr-i Sokhta. Ceramic data indicates that the settlement was founded at the end of Shahr-i Sokhta III period and continued through the entire posterior period i.e. Shahr-i Sokhta IV. The carbon 14 results also provided an absolute date for the settlement sequence between 2500 and 2300 BCE. 
۷.

Dahāneh-ye Qolāmān, An Achaemenid City in Southeastern Iran

نویسنده:
منبع: Sinus Persicus, Volume ۳, Issue ۵, January ۲۰۲۶ 55 - 63

کلیدواژه‌ها: Achaemenid Dahāneh-ye Qolāmān Architecture Art

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تعداد بازدید : ۳۵ تعداد دانلود : ۳۸
Many archaeological remains from the Achaemenid empire have been found in various lands; therefore, many authors have researched and written about this empire’s cultural and civilizational features. Dahāneh-ye Qolāmān is one of the valuable sites of this empire that still stands. Dahāneh-ye Qolāmān is located 30 kilometers southeast of Zabol and was one of the important sites of the Achaemenids in southeastern Iran. The site was discovered in the 1960s by Italian archaeologist Umberto Scherato, who began archaeological excavations in 1962. Archaeological studies have shown that the structures of this city were built on a high terrace and were used in at least two periods of settlement. A look at the two different types of architectural structures, namely huge buildings and smaller buildings, indicates the various uses of these buildings. Among the large buildings, building number 3 was a large religious structure, building number 1 was a large civil building, and building number 2 was an administrative building. Buildings 4, 5, 6, and 7 were residential and private, all located in the eastern part of the city, and building 15 was an industrial building with religious production. Buildings numbers 16 and 17 were also large public buildings.
۸.

Tracing the Lost Fire of Ādur Farnbāg: Archaeological Evidence from Bardestān, Persian Gulf

نویسنده:
منبع: Sinus Persicus, Volume ۳, Issue ۵, January ۲۰۲۶ 85 - 108

کلیدواژه‌ها: Sasanian Seal Historical Geography Fire temple Persian Gulf

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تعداد بازدید : ۳۹ تعداد دانلود : ۴۳
Fire held particular significance among Zoroastrian Iranians, possessing varying degrees of importance. There were three groups of fire associated with rituals. The most sacred of these was the fire of Bahram, known as the fire of the victorious king, which was to burn perpetually in the fire temples of Ādur Gušnasp, Ādur Farnbāg, and Ādur Burzēn-Mihr under all circumstances. The fire temple of Ādur Gušnasp is located in Takht-i Soleiman, Takab (Northwest of Iran), and Ādur Burzēn-Mihr is situated in the region of Rivand in Khorasan (Northeast of Iran). However, there is a discrepancy regarding the location of the fire of Ādur Farnbāg or the fire temple of the priests. Some researchers, orientalists, and many historical geographical documents have suggested the Karyan region of Fars, but conclusive evidence has not been provided. In the archaeological study of the Bardestān desert region and the Sasanian site of Koyu, a newly discovered seal bearing an inscription referring to the fire of Ādur Farnbāg has proposed a new hypothesis concerning the location of the state fire of Ādur Farnbāg. This paper will introduce the site and the newly found seal, and the reasons for proposing the Bardestān desert region as the location for the fire of Ādur Farnbāg will be discussed. This research was conducted through field surveys and comparative library studies, aiming to address one of the most significant questions in Sasanian archaeology regarding the location of the fire temple of Ādur Farnbāg.
۹.

Typology of Gravestones in the Islamic Cemetery of Shahsavar, Izeh, Iran

نویسنده:
منبع: Sinus Persicus, Volume ۳, Issue ۵, January ۲۰۲۶ 31 - 54

کلیدواژه‌ها: Tombstone Typology Islamic Cemetery Shahsavar Izeh Bakhtiari tribe Ethnoarchaeology Funerary Symbolism

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تعداد بازدید : ۳۸ تعداد دانلود : ۵۱
The Islamic era tombstones of Shahsavar Cemetery in Izeh, southwestern Iran, reflect a rich tapestry of religious, cultural, and socio-economic values embedded in local Bakhtiari traditions. This study explores the typology and semiotics of 632 gravestones dating from the Zand, Qajar, and Pahlavi periods to the contemporary era. These gravestones, which range from simple slabs to sculpted lion figures and tiered, crenellated forms, serve as commemorative markers and visual expressions of identity, status, and belief. Utilizing a dual-method approach —historical document analysis and ethnoarchaeological fieldwork— this research categorizes the gravestones into five primary types: simple, tiered-crenellated, stone lion (bardshir), arched (mihrab-shaped), and anthropomorphic. The study reveals that the selection and design of tombstones were highly codified within the Bakhtiari tribal hierarchy, governed by symbolic traditions and cultural legitimacy. These forms also encode valor, piety, and transcendence, linking the deceased with tribal memory and spiritual continuity. The findings contribute to the broader understanding of funerary art in post-Islamic Iran.
۱۰.

The Ethnoarchaeological Approach to the Cenotaph or Memorial Grave Tradition: A Case Study of Mafegeh in the Bakhtiari Region of Southwestern Iran(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: Persica Antiqua, Volume ۶, Issue ۱۰, January ۲۰۲۶ 55 - 75

کلیدواژه‌ها: Ethnoarchaeology Cenotaph Memorial Grave Mafegeh Bakhtiari southwestern Iran

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تعداد بازدید : ۴۲ تعداد دانلود : ۴۵
Understanding the descriptions of graves and historical mortuary practices is crucial for interpreting contextual information and broader social significance. This study employs an interdisciplinary approach, drawing from archaeological literature, anthropological evidence, and sociological theory to expand the range of possible interpretations. The research is based on ethnoarchaeological research on the mourning ritual of the Bakhtiari people in southwest Iran. A ritual that exemplifies memorials is embodied in monuments called Mafegeh for individuals or groups whose remains are elsewhere. The conceptual framework encompasses the theoretical and methodological aspects of comparing ethnographic and archaeological data. This framework provides a comprehensive approach to effectively analyzing and drawing connections between these two data types. Fieldwork involves conducting archaeological surveys, interviews, and direct ethnographic observations to document the Mafegeh. The study shows theoretical considerations and emphasises the reluctance to forget the dead. Nonreligious beliefs and mental states underlie many motivations of this practice. It may be that mafageh is driven by other symbolic, emotional, and practical reasons, and that has little to do with a belief in immortal souls. Such historically and culturally recurring funerary practices suggest that humans are predisposed to believe in and prepare for an afterlife. A possible reason would have been that the deceased had died elsewhere; thus, the memorial structure was erected to honour him. The research exclusively involves men, and no instances related to women were found.
۱۱.

Ilkhanid Inscriptions in Bayazid Bastami Complex, A Case Study: Inscriptions of the Mihrab of Bayazid Bastami Mosque

نویسنده:
منبع: Caspian, Volume ۳, Issue ۵, January ۲۰۲۵ 35 - 62

کلیدواژه‌ها: Inscription Mihrab Mosque Ilkanid Bayazid Bastami Complex

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تعداد بازدید : ۲۷ تعداد دانلود : ۴۵
The Bayazid Bastami complex, located in Bastam, Semnan province, is considered one of the outstanding examples of the Iranian religious architecture during the Ilkhanid era. Due to the existence of a renowned Sufi’s shrine, Bayazid Bastami (161-234 AH), this complex has attracted the attention of different reigns and kings since the very early Islamic period, and numerous constructions have been performed in this monument during various periods from the Deylamiyān (Deylamites) dynasty to the Qajar period. Most of the constructions in this complex and also the restorations conducted here relate to the Ilkhanid era, and particularly to Sultan Muhammad Ghazan Khan’s reign (694-703 AH) and Sultan Mohammad Khodābandeh Öljaitü’s time (703-716 AH). Thanks to his high regard for Bayazid, Öljaitü even selected his own children’s names according to Bayazid’s name and titles: Bastam, Bayazid, and Ṭayfūr. In various Ilkhanid buildings and extensions in Bayazid Bastami’s complex, numerous inscriptions can be seen that have adorned the architectural elements of this complex. Due to the existence of multiple features and the religious importance of this part, inscriptions on the mihrab of this mosque, called Mardana or Bayazid, have been widely investigated and analyzed from different aspects, including ritual, artistic, and historical. In the present research, a descriptive-analytical methodology has been applied, and the data have been collected from documentary and field studies with a theoretical approach to study the cultural history.  
۱۲.

The Newly Discovered Elamite Rock Relief of Alhak, Izeh, Iran

نویسنده:
منبع: Sinus Persicus, Volume ۳, Issue ۵, January ۲۰۲۶ 65 - 83

کلیدواژه‌ها: Elam Ayapir Alhak Izeh Rock relief

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تعداد بازدید : ۳۹ تعداد دانلود : ۴۰
A newly discovered Elamite rock relief in the Alhak region of central Izeh in southwestern Iran contributes significantly to the corpus of commemorative Elamite art. Unlike other well-known reliefs from the area—such as those at Kūl-i Farah, Shahsavar, and Khung-i Azhdar—this composition was carved onto a conglomerate rock surface, a medium both unique and inherently fragile, leading to its accelerated erosion and delayed recognition. The relief depicts a male figure seated in profile on a simple throne, raising his right hand in a gesture of reverence or supplication. A stepped platform lies before him, while a prominent solar disc hovers above his head—features resonant with iconographic motifs found on contemporaneous cylinder seals from Elam and Mesopotamia. Iconographic and stylistic parallels suggest that the Alhak relief belongs to the Shimashki cultural horizon (ca. 2000–1970 BCE). The absence of divine attributes—such as horned crowns or zoomorphic insignia—indicates that the figure is more plausibly interpreted as a royal personage engaged in ritual devotion rather than a deity. The rightward orientation of the seated figure, in contrast to the left-facing postures of most Izeh reliefs, further underscores its distinctiveness. This discovery broadens our understanding of regional variability within Elamite rock art. It highlights the cultural resilience of Elamite traditions in the highlands following the collapse of lowland power centers such as Susa. Future investigations employing advanced imaging technologies (e.g., 3D scanning and photogrammetry) are essential for recovering lost details and refining our interpretation of the relief’s symbolic schema.
۱۳.

Proto-Elamite Sealed Clay Strips from Susa: A Functional Reappraisal

نویسنده:
منبع: Sinus Persicus, Volume ۳, Issue ۵, January ۲۰۲۶ 7 - 30

کلیدواژه‌ها: Administrative Documents Proto-Elamite Susa Phenomenology Seal impressions

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تعداد بازدید : ۳۹ تعداد دانلود : ۳۶
Examining administrative artefacts from the Proto-Elamite period in Susa through a phenomenological lens allows historians and archaeologists to contextualize these documents not only as dormant material culture but also as dynamic instruments in negotiating economic control, political authority, and institutional identity. This article draws on newly reevaluated evidence of clay sealing strips housed in the National Museum of Iran, interpreted initially as “wall sealings” by Holly Pittman. It reconsiders their function in light of comparative frameworks developed by Adelheid Otto for Middle Bronze Age Syria. By situating these items within the broader conceptual field of “administrative writing”, here extended to include physical sealing devices as protoarchival media, this study examines the thematic frameworks, authorial stances, and intended audiences embedded in both the ancient administrative practices and the modern scholarly discourse. Rather than occupying a marginal position in archaeological literature, these sealing strips emerge as powerful heuristic tools for understanding the evolution of bureaucratic management in early Iranian state formations.
۱۴.

On Foot or on Horseback? The Honorable Way of Dueling in Pre-Islamic Iran based on Ferdowsi’s Shahnameh

نویسنده:
منبع: Caspian, Volume ۳, Issue ۵, January ۲۰۲۵ 23 - 34

کلیدواژه‌ها: Ferdowsi Shahnameh Duel pre-Islamic Iran Iranian Art

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تعداد بازدید : ۳۴ تعداد دانلود : ۳۲
Duels, despite their cultural visibility and symbolic significance, were never a common nor universal form of conflict resolution. In the Iranian tradition, as presented in Ferdowsi’s Shahnameh, however, they hold a special place as an element of the hero’s ethos. This raises questions about the extent of the practice of such encounters and about their ritual, whether the fighting took place on foot or on horseback. The article addresses this issue in the context of pre-Islamic Iran, juxtaposing three perspectives: the narrative of Ferdowsi’s epic, historical accounts concerning rulers and commanders, and the iconography of reliefs. In the Shahnameh, mounted combat appears as the most prestigious form, yet the poet subtly challenges its superiority, pointing instead to victory as the true criterion of honor. The comparison of these three sources allows for a deeper understanding of the significance of duels in pre-Islamic Iranian tradition.
۱۵.

A Textual Approach to the Meaning and Usage of Some Technical Terms in Religious Manichaean Texts(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: Persica Antiqua, Volume ۶, Issue ۱۰, January ۲۰۲۶ 43 - 53

کلیدواژه‌ها: Angel Apostle God son of God Manichaean Middle Iranian Manichaean Terminology

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تعداد بازدید : ۵۰ تعداد دانلود : ۴۰
Drawing on Manichaean Middle Iranian texts and adopting a textual approach, the present article tries to define the meaning and usage of some technical terms (termini tecnichi) in Manichaean theology, especially the words “angel” (frystg, fryštg) and “apostle, messenger” (frystg, fryštg). The use of a word for two meanings and/ or two concepts in the Manichaica was a result of the redefinition that each of the different Manichaean communities presented for the concepts of ‘angel’ and ‘apostle, messenger’. The article shows that the Iranian term frys/štg has been redefined and expanded in meaning in Manichaean literature under the influence of Syriac writings; a redefinition that could generate an angel from an apostle / a messenger and a king from the angel. Here, we also examined the technical terms xwdʾy/ xwdʾwn ‘lord’, by / bg ‘god’, yzd ‘god’ and bgpwhr / βγpšy / βγpšʾk ‘son of God’ (βγpwryšt / βγpšyt ‘the sons of God’) βγpwr(ʾ)yc ‘daughter of God’ showing the contexts in which these terms appear and what examples they refer to. Our study shows that some of them were used not only for angels and historical figures (like Mani and Manichaean leaders and electi, as well as previous apostles), but also included at least one of Manichaean gods, i.e. ‘Third Messenger’.
۱۶.

A Critical Review of Iran as Imagined Nation(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: Persica Antiqua, Volume ۶, Issue ۱۰, January ۲۰۲۶ 85 - 97

کلیدواژه‌ها: Iran Persia National identity Iranian Identity Persian Language

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تعداد بازدید : ۳۹ تعداد دانلود : ۳۶
The topic of Iranian identity is one that many are willing to recognize, while only a minority choose to reject it. The author of the book in question belongs to the latter group. The title suggests that the author intends to challenge both Iran and the historical foundations of Iranian and national identity. Influenced by contemporary theoretical discussions that overlook the historical and cultural contexts of the nations being examined, he tends to regard Iran and its national identity as constructs devised by Orientalists. He does not acknowledge the historical importance and development of the term "Iran" itself. The author of the book Iran as Imagined Nation: The Construction of National Identity, who draws inspiration from Edward Said's Orientalism and Benedict Anderson's Imagined Communities, contends that both Iranian and non-Iranian authors view Iranian and national identity as a historical phenomenon. These authors, influenced by racial and ideological perspectives and western methodologies, have narrated history in a way that is both ahistorical and misleading, replacing genuine historical events with fabricated stories. This article does not critique every chapter of the book Iran as Imagined Nation: The Construction of National Identity. Instead, it will concentrate on chapters that present weak or incorrect claims regarding Iran's historical roots, its attributes, and its ethnic and linguistic diversity, with the aim of clarifying and illuminating these issues.
۱۷.

Anthropological Study and Sustainability of Qashqai Tribal Clothing(مقاله پژوهشی دانشگاه آزاد)

نویسنده:
منبع: Journal of Archaeology and Archaeometry, Volume ۴, Issue ۱ - Serial Number ۱۳, June ۲۰۲۵ 63 - 79

کلیدواژه‌ها: Continuity Clothing Qashqai culture Identity

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تعداد بازدید : ۱۵۲ تعداد دانلود : ۶۰۳
Culture encompasses the values, norms, traditions, beliefs, and customs of a society, with clothing representing one of its most significant elements. In analyzing the traditional attire of an ethnic group, two key aspects are of importance: the cultural patterns influencing choices of material, color, design, and tailoring methods, and the symbolic and functional roles of clothing. Certain garments play vital roles across various social, cultural, occupational, and religious contexts. The Qashqai are one of the major nomadic tribes of Iran, primarily residing in the southern and southwestern regions of the country. The distinctive features of Qashqai clothing set it apart from that of other ethnic groups, despite notable similarities with the attire of the Lurs. Based on archival research and fieldwork, this study explores the historical evolution of Qashqai clothing. It aims to identify the earliest documented references to their attire through textual sources and visual representations, and to discuss the key factors contributing to its continuity. The findings reveal that although traditional Qashqai clothing has undergone changes over time, particularly among men, where modern styles are increasingly replacing it, it continues to be preserved among Qashqai women, especially during ceremonial events.
۱۸.

استراتژی های زیستی ساکنان مرسین چال در نیمۀ دوم هزاره اول پیش از میلاد(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: مطالعات باستان شناسی پارسه سال ۹ تابستان ۱۴۰۴ شماره ۳۲ 95 - 113

کلیدواژه‌ها: گورستان مرسین چال نیمه دوم هزاره اول پیش ازمیلاد استراتژی های زیستی کلاژن دندان ایزوتوپ کربن ایزوتوپ نیتروژن

حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۱۰ تعداد دانلود : ۷
گورستان مرسین چال در شرق روستای تلاجیم در بخش پشتکوه، شهرستان مهدی شهر در شمال استان سمنان در فلات مرکزی ایران واقع شده است. منطقه تلاجیم دارای قابلیت های بالقوه زیستی و معیشتی گسترده ای است که موجب دسترسی مردمان مرسین چال به طیف متنوعی از پوشش گیاهی و جانوری می شده است. این موضوع بر اهمیت مطالعه بقایای اسکلتی گورستان مرسین چال به عنوان بخشی از داده های باستان شناسی که منبع اطلاعاتی بسیار مهمی در جهت مطالعات دیرین تغذیه، عادات و رفتار غذایی، تبیین میزان انطباق و سازگاری با محیط زیست، مدل سازی وضعیت معشیتی و روشن نمودن تفاوت های جنسیتی در سطح تروفیک (نوع تغذیه) هستند، می افزاید؛ بنابراین پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی استراتژی زیستی-معیشتی ساکنین این گورستان در نیمه دوم هزاره اول پیش ازمیلاد ازطریق مطالعات زیست باستان شناسی موردمطالعه قرار گرفت. برای دستیابی به هدف مذکور پرسشی مطرح شد، مبنی بر این که، براساس مطالعات آنالیز ایزتوپ پایدار بر روی داه های بیولوژیکی به دست آمده از کاوش های باستان شناختی گورستان مرسین چال، چگونه می توان رژیم غذایی مردمان منطقه موردمطالعه را مشخص نمود؟ در راستای پاسخ گویی به پرسش مذکور، پژوهش حاضر با استفاده از مطالعات آماری و روش تحلیلی-آزمایشگاهی مطالعات آنالیز ایزوتوپ پایدار کربن (δ13C) و نیتروژن (δ15N) برروی نمونه های کلاژن دندان، بقایای اسکلت های انسانی 12 گور از 49 تدفین کاوش شده گورستان مرسین چال را موردمطالعه قرار می دهد. طبق مطالعات انسان شناسی فیزیکی، بقایای اسکلتی موردمطالعه متعلق به افراد بالغ بوده و شامل هر دو جنسیت زن و مرد می باشند؛ هم چنین برمبنای آنالیز ایزوتوپ های پایدار کربن (δ13C) و نیتروژن (δ15N) برروی نمونه های کلاژن دندان، الگوهای رژیم غذایی ساکنان مرسین چال در نیمه دوم هزاره اول پیش ازمیلاد موردمطالعه قرار گرفت و به عن وان نتیج ه نهای ی مشخص گردید که با توجه به پتانسیل های زیستی محدوده مورد پژوهش، جامعه مرسین چال دارای رژیم غذایی ترکیبی مبتنی بر گیاهان C3 و C4 بوده و منابع پروتئینی خود را از به طور گسترده از علف خواران و به میزان اندکی از گوشت خواران تأمین می نمودند.
۱۹.

رییس طبقه روحانیت زرتشتی و جایگاه او در نظام سیاسی دوران ساسانی

نویسنده:
منبع: Caspian, Volume ۲, Issue ۳, January ۲۰۲۵ 29 - 46

کلیدواژه‌ها: نظام سیاسی دوران ساسانی طبقه روحانیت زرتشتی رییس طبقه روحانیت زرتشتی بزرگان انجمن های بزرگان

حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۳۲۵ تعداد دانلود : ۴۱۵
روحانیان زرتشتی یکی از مهم ترین نهادها و طبقات دوران ساسانی بودند که تقریباً برای خود حق مداخله در تمامی شئون زندگانی مردم را از پایین ترین سطوح تا عالی ترین سطوح این جامعه قائل بودند. باوجوداین به درستی شناخته نشده اند و مجهولات بسیاری درباره آنها وجود دارد. درمقاله پیش رو که اطلاعات آن به شیوه کتابخانه ای گردآوری شده و روش پژوهش آن توصیفی-تحلیلی است، در دو بخش در جهت روشن ساختن گوشه هایی از وضعیت این طبقه مهم به پژوهش پرداخته شده است. در بخش نخست این باور به چالش کشیده شده است که رییس طبقه موبدان زرتشتی حق عزل شاهان را دارا بوده و در مسئله تعیین شاه تأیید نهایی با او بود و در بخش دوم با نگاهی به چگونگی ارتباط میان روحانیان زرتشتی و مبلغان روبه افزایش مسیحی نشان داده شده که عملاً دین زرتشتی که دین رسمی شاهنشاهی هم بود بازیچه دست سیاست و سیاستمداران دوران ساسانی بوده است و روحانیان و به ویژه رییس و بزرگ آنها گاه برخلاف مصالح مذهبی برای حفظ منافع طبقه ممتاز جامعه، که خود هم جزوی از آن بود، از دغدغه های مذهبی و دینی صرف نظر می کرد. 
۲۰.

نقش عوامل زیست محیطی در پراکنش و شکل یابی سکونتگاه های دشت رودبار جنوب در منظر فرهنگی هلیل رود در دوران اسلامی(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: مطالعات باستان شناسی پارسه سال ۹ تابستان ۱۴۰۴ شماره ۳۲ 187 - 218

کلیدواژه‌ها: رودبار جنوب عوامل زیست محیطی هلیل رود پراکنش استقرار GIS باستان شناسی دوران اسلامی

حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۱۰ تعداد دانلود : ۱۰
دشت رودبار جنوب با مساحت بیش از 6000کیلومتر مربع، یکی از مناطق مهم باستان شناسی در جنوب شرقی حوزه فرهنگی هلیل رود است. این منطقه با عنایت به توان زیست محیطی مطلوب، ازجمله آب دائمی هلیل رود، دشت حاصلخیز و وسیع و ارتفاعات مرتعی در بخش شمالی، و هم چنین به واسطه ظرفیت جغرافیایی و مسیر ارتباطی سند و سیستان به جیرفت کهن، زمینه ساز حضور جوامع انسانی با ساختار معیشتی متنوع یکجانشین و کوچ رو بوده است. در نتیجه دو فصل بررسی باستان شناسی در دشت رودبار جنوب در دو دهه گذشته، شماری از استقرارهای کهن در این ناحیه شناسایی شد؛ اما تمرکز بر استقرارهای پیش ازتاریخی در این پهنه فرهنگی سبب شد برونداد بررسی های باستان شناختی در محوطه های دوران اسلامی به ثبت نقاط GPS از موقعیت محوطه ها و توصیفات کلیِ آثار فرهنگی محدود بماند؛ درحالی که پرسش هایی درباره نقش و تأثیر عوامل زیست محیطی بر نحوه پراکنش استقرارگاه ها و شکل گیری سازمان های معیشتی بی پاسخ باقی مانده است؛ بنابراین در پژوهش پیشِ رو، برای نخستین بار با روش پژوهشی توصیفی-تحلیلی، به استناد یافته های دو فصل بررسی باستان شناسی، مطالعات کتابخانه ای و تهیه و تفسیر نقشه های GIS، به تبیین اثرگذاری عوامل زیست محیطی بر استقرارهای دوران اسلامی دشت رودبار جنوب پرداخته شده است؛ بدین منظور، ابتدا استقرارهای دشت روبار براساس تاریخ گذاری نسبی به دو بازه زمانی «سده های نخست تا قرون میانه اسلامی» و «سده های متأخر (از سده 10 ه .ق. به بعد)» تقسیم شده و عوامل محیطی مانند: ارتفاع از سطح دریا، منابع آب، خصوصیات خاک، وضعیت راه ها، میزان و جهت شیب بستر در ارتباط با آثار استقراری به عرصه تحلیل گذاشته شد. نتایج پژوهش نشان می دهد بنیادی ترین عوامل مؤثر بر شکل گیری، پراکنش و سازمان معیشتی سکونتگاه های دشت رودبار جنوب در دوران اسلامی، منبع آب هلیل رود در دشت و منبع آب قنات در بخش های پیرامونی، راه تجاری جیرفت به سند و سیستان و ناهمواری های شمال و شمال شرقی به منظور بهره مندی از قابلیت بالقوه دامداری، بوده است.

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