درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

This study assesses the political challenges that hinder the implementation of a proposed referendum on Palestine, framed within Hegemonic Stability Theory (HST), which underscores the significance of a dominant global power in sustaining international order. The Supreme Leader of the Islamic Republic of Iran has suggested this referendum as a means to determine Palestine's political system. From an HST perspective, the United States significantly impacts the international arena, including policies regarding Palestine. Its support for Israel complicates the political landscape and undermines alternative peace proposals, including those from Iran. This article seeks to answer the main question: what political obstacles prevent holding a referendum in Palestine, and what methods can be used to overcome those obstacles? The findings of the article indicate several political dynamics and factors that impede the referendum: political divisions within Israel regarding peace with the Palestinians, lack of consensus among Palestinian factions, differing approaches among Arab states, and conflicting positions of both Islamic and non-Arab countries. Additionally, the stances of the permanent members of the UN Security Council exacerbate these challenges. The author finds that Iran’s proposal has overlooked the international framework of a two-state solution.

Israel’s attack on Gaza received extensive media attention from the early days of its outbreak. Media coverage of the news on the war was incomparable to previous Israel attacks in 2009, 2012 and 2014 due to the length and intensity of the conflict, Arab journalists' presence in Gaza and widespread use of social media to share information about the war. ‘Gaza war’ rapidly emerged as a focal point of graphic journalism, among other journalism genres, to express artistic and political perspectives on the multifaceted realities of the conflict. Meanwhile, the transformative influence of online media on communication plays a crucial role in sharing information and content. Among all media effects, framing is a process whereby people develop conceptualizations of an issue. This study focuses on political cartoons published in global online media between Oct. 7, 2023 and Feb. 7, 2025 to investigate how the war has been framed online through visual representation. 120 political cartoons were studied. Semetko and Valkenburg's (2000) model of news frames analysis was used to answer the research question. Findings reveal that human interests frame, morality frame, responsibility frame, conflict frame and economic consequences frame received the greatest amount of attention by cartoonists, respectively.  The manuscript elaborates on the specific thematic elements identities within each frame.

The conflict between Palestinians and the Jews has been ongoing for seven decades. Despite numerous proposed solutions from the United Nations, the Organization of Islamic Cooperation, and various countries involved in the issue, the crisis persists. The past three decades of right-wing leadership in Israel have shown that supported by major European powers and the US, meaningful negotiations are not anticipated from Israel. Meaningful talks would involve agreements on recognizing Palestine, affirming Palestinian sovereignty, establishing an independent Palestinian state, allowing for the return of displaced populations and determining the status of Jerusalem as the capital. The ascension of the extreme right in Israel has clouded the prospects for peace, augmenting the Israeli demands for more privilege, while sidelining those of the other side. This article posits that Israel's negotiation approach under the right-wing is built on a zero-sum mentality, with minimal concessions offered to the Palestinians. Moreover, its various political, security and economic pressures on Palestinians, along with sustained US and EU sanctions and its military superiority, render any peace model unattainable. This uncompromising approach, intended to impose unilateral conditions and prolong talks to thwart the establishment of an independent Palestinian state, accounts for the recurrent failure of negotiations. Israel's aim in these talks appears to demoralize the Palestinians and prevent the realization of their aspirations by imposing “the real”.

Objective: Impartial scholars believe that pervasive corruption was a key characteristic of the Pahlavi regime. While extensive research has been conducted on this topic, it has not been thoroughly examined through the lens of the leaders of the Islamic Revolution. This article aims to address this gap by asking: ‘What is Imam Khamenei's definition of corruption, and how does he view its depth and breadth within the Pahlavi regime?’ To answer this question, a content analysis and documentary study approach were used. The research examined and compiled a collection of statements from the Leader of the Revolution. Method: The research method is qualitative of a historical type, and the analysis is documentary and qualitative. Data collection was conducted through library research and note-taking, and the explanation is provided with a sociological approach centered on religious values. Results: Within the framework of his thoughts and with the aid of historical documents, court insiders' memoirs and writings, and existing research, this study presents examples and evidence of the court's corruption in each area. Conclusions:  The findings indicate that, in Imam Khamenei's view, the Pahlavi regime was afflicted by corruption in its moral, financial, managerial, and political aspects, and that this corruption was widespread. The Shah himself was the core of this corruption, and the closer individuals were to this core, the more corrupt they were. The present study aims to analyze the role of religious values in the formation of popular protests during the premiership of Jamshid Amouzegar as a reflection of the nature of the Islamic Revolution. The central problem of the research is to explain the nature of the movement and the role of values in the events of Jamshid Amouzegar's premiership. The Shah's effort in bringing Amouzegar to power was to prevent the Islamic Revolution. In this study, the Islamic movement and its significant events are explained with a focus on values, and from this perspective, the present topic is worthy of research. Thus, the necessity of reviewing and analyzing Iran's political events in a revolutionary state is once again reinforced. This paper seeks to answer the question: ‘What role did Islamic values play in the events leading to the Islamic Revolution during the premiership of Jamshid Amouzegar?’ It appears that the nature of the protests following these events was oriented towards revolutionary values and the performance of religious duty. Imam Khomeini's educational approach, through the revival of religious rites, played a decisive role in the general mobilization against the Pahlavi regime. The research findings indicate that the Goethe Poetry Nights, the martyrdom of Mostafa Khomeini, the death of Dr. Shariati, the insulting article in the Ettela'at newspaper, the Cinema Rex fire, and the fortieth-day mourning ceremonies inspired by religious values and derived from the 40th of Sayyid al-Shuhada (Imam Hussein) were among the most important events that acted as carriers of religious values and had sociological impacts on the course of the revolution and the regime's collapse. Conclution:The results of the study of historical events during the prime ministership of Jamshid Amouzgar showed that the Islamic Revolution was a movement focused on values. The popular movement at the end of the Pahlavi regime was rooted in rational action focused on values, and collective behavior and social movements were formed on this basis; this led to the victory of the Islamic Revolution.

In the contemporary world, media do not merely play the role of reflecting events and realities, but havebecome active agents in reproducing and constructing social reality. This situation, explained in Jean Baudrillard's theory of the "hyperreality" or "era of acute reality," reflects a fundamental transformation in citizens' perceptual patterns and the profound impact of media representations on cultural, social, and political beliefs and attitudes. In Iran, these developments have posed significant challenges to the process of realizing and sustaining perspectives aligned with the ideals of the Islamic Revolution, including distortion of goals and slogans, unrealistic narrations, widespread dissemination of misinformation, selective representation of historical facts, the formation of media-driven movements, and the expansion of organized propaganda. This study, relying on Baudrillard's theoretical framework of hyperreality and employing semi-structured interviews, seeks to answer the fundamental question of what strategies the Islamic Republic of Iran must adopt to realize a desirable political outlook in the era of hyperreality. The research findings indicate that a deep understanding of the transformations in the new lifeworld, the design and application of universal symbols compatible with the logic of hyperreality, intelligent engagement with new cultural authorities, narrative power and priority in storytelling, attention to media balance and honesty, creating narrative coordination and synergy among media outlets, and institutionalizing behavioral and verbal integrity among officials are among the key requirements for achieving a desirable political outlook within the context of acute reality.