درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Using chunks is said to bring about fluency into speech as they save speakers from constructing their speech upon a word-by-word basis. Particle phrases (A term coined in this study to refer to phrasal verbs and their derived and deviated nouns and adjectives) are also among those chunks. This study seeks to see whether memorizing them will affect EFL learners' spoken fluency. To this end, 51 Persian speaking participants (37 females, 14 males) who were selected from 3 intact classes based on their performance in narrative video-based retelling constituted the sample of the study. The study was a quasi-experimental one in design because of the non-random assignment of the participants into either of the experimental and control groups. They were assigned to three groups: two experimental and one control. Both experimental groups received the same instructions on metaphorical concepts of particles (out, off, etc.) in the 150 phrasal verbs available in Garnier and Schmitt’s (2015) frequency list. They both engaged in self-generated contexts except that those in the first came up with hands-on task of drawing sketches, too. The control group, however, received none of the above treatments. The results of a one-way ANOVA procedure in the immediate post-test indicated that the participants in the first experimental group significantly outperformed not only the control group, but also the second experimental group that made more relative gains than their counterparts in the control group. The outperformance of the first experimental group was also found in the delayed post-test, which represented the long-term effects of the methods. The findings suggest several implications for this vital but surprisingly neglected issue of engaging students with self-generated sketches.

The general aim of the present research was to identify and prioritize the components of blended learning in elementary schools. This mixed-method research is of sequential exploratory type. In the qualitative stage, the content analysis method was used while in the quantitative stage, the descriptive survey was applied. Participants of the qualitative part were professors of educational sciences, fifteen of whom were selected for interview in a targeted manner. In vivo, coding was used for data analysis. Finally over 150 indicators and 6 main components (1- tools, 2- contents, 3- teaching method, 4-design, 5-evaluation, and 6- learning theories) were achieved. The research community of the quantitative part included all headmasters and head teachers, experts, and teachers of elementary schools in west Islamabad, in 2017-2018 academic year. Out of 650 individuals, 242 individual were selected through a stratified random sampling method with Morgan table. A questionnaire was designed and distributed based on the findings whose face validity was confirmed by the professors with the reliability of 0.87.  For descriptive analysis, the central and dispersion parameters were used, and for inferential analysis, the Smirnov test, Friedman test were applied using SPSS & LISREL. In addition to confirming and explaining the components, the findings showed that the internal correlation between the six components of the blended learning education is positive and meaningful, meaning that the application and promotion of each component in a combination allows the application, enhancement and strengthening of the other components.