درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Morpho-syntactic patterns device encompasses a subcategory of the cohesive devices that assists hearers to have an adequate mental representation for understanding speech. This article investigates the morpho-syntactic patterns employed in some Persian live sport radio and TV programs adapting Dooley and Levinsohn’s theoretical and analytical framework. The research data includes around 30,000 words extracted from 20 live sport radio and TV recorded programs. The morpho-syntactic patterns functionality is presented via comparing their frequency using descriptive statistics. The t-test is run to evaluate whether the differences in the utilization of morpho-syntactic patterns used in live radio and TV talks is significant or not. The results show that such patterns in Persian can be studied in the same way as Dooley and Levinsohn’s perspective, among which consistency of inflectional categories receives the most frequency while echoic utterances do the least. The consistency of inflectional categories catches a meaningful difference between its applications in the research data. Furthermore, there are not significant differences between the application of echoic utterances and discourse-pragmatic structuring in the corpora. Finally, morpho-syntactic patterns device, generally speaking, is reported as not having any significant relation in its applications in Persian live radio and TV talks under study.

Systematic phonics instruction in first language education has recently received considerable research attention due to its critical role in facilitating phonological awareness and processing skills. However, little is known about the effects of systematic phonics instruction on foreign language reading and spelling in an EFL context. This study examined the effects of spelling-based phonics instruction on 9-12 year old Persian speaking learners’ reading and spelling English words. The participants were randomly assigned into two groups: a control group who received non-phonics instruction, and an experimental group who received spelling-based phonics instruction. CORE Phonics Survey (2003), a battery of diagnostic tests and tasks, was used to uncover the effects of phonics on oral reading and word spelling development of the learners. The results of independent-samples t-test revealed that after 10-weeks of instruction, the spelling-based phonics instruction had really significant effects on improving both young Iranian EFL learners’ oral reading and whole word spelling. In other words, the experimental group benefited from spelling-based phonics instruction compared to the group with non-phonics instruction.

حوزه فناوری های رایانه ای، زبان ویژه خود را می سازد. امروزه این حوزه هم به شکل سیستمی غنی از واژگان تخصصی و هم به شکل اصطلاحات حرفه ای نمود پیدا کرده است. در این مقاله به تاریخچه استفاده از اصطلاح «زبان حرفه ای» (Сленг) که از دهه هشتاد سده بیستم در روسیه رواج گسترده ای یافته، پرداخته شده است. در حوزه رایانه، مجموعه اصطلاحات حرفه ای بخش چندلایه ای از واژگان را تشکیل می دهند که می توان آن ها را با استفاده از شیوه تعیین ساختار حوزه معنایی ارائه نمود. ۲۷۸ واحد واژگانی از اصطلاحات حرفه ای در حوزه رایانه که با روش نمونه برداری مستمر از فرهنگ لغت «اصطلاحات حرفه ای جوانان: فرهنگ تفسیری» ت. گ. نیکیتینا استخراج شده اند، در پنج گروه موضوعی توزیع شده اند: ۱- برنامه ها و عملکردها؛ ۲- سیستم ها، سمبل ها و نشانه ها؛ ۳- اعمال و فرمان ها؛ ۴- قطعات و تجهیزات؛ ۵- انسان. در مقاله با استفاده از داده های درصدی، حوزه معنایی واژگان رایانه ای را تعیین می نماییم. گروه چهارم که تجهیزات رایانه را توصیف می کند در جایگاه اول، و اعمال و فرمان ها (گروه سه) که بخش مهمی برای کاربران به شمار می آیند، در جایگاه دوم قرار می گیرند. گروه اول در جایگاه سوم قرار می گیرد و درصد قابل توجهی را به خود اختصاص می دهد؛ زیرا هدایت عمل را تشریح می کند. گروه دوم که سهمی حدود ۹ درصدی در حوزه معنایی واژگان رایانه ای دارد و بی شک از اجزای مهم سیستم مورد اشاره به شمار می آید، جایگاه چهارم را به خود اختصاص می دهد. در جایگاه آخر، گروه «انسان» که این سیستم را به کار می اندازد، قرار می گیرد. به این ترتیب، به کمک ساختار حوزه معنایی، ویژگی های خاص مجموعه واژگانی اصطلاحات حرفه ای حوزه رایانه تعیین می گردد.

در این مقاله به بررسی اثر «کلامی درباره هنگ ایگور» از دیدگاه کاربردشناختی خواهیم پرداخت. مبنای کار، ترجمه واژه به واژه لیخاچف از این اثر است. این اثر به عنوان گفتمان و در چهارچوب تئوری کنش گفتاری جان سیرل بررسی شده است و کنش های گفتاری به کاررفته در آن تفکیک شده اند. چنین رویکردی در تحلیل اثر، این امکان را فراهم می آورد تا بلوک های ارتباطی متن را تفکیک و مقاصد نویسنده را تعیین کنیم که چگونه از طریق تغییر استراتژی ارتباطی گفتار، سعی در تأثیرگذاری بر روی مخاطبان دارد. علاوه براین در مقاله حاضر اهداف منظوری گفتار سایر شخصیت های اثر تعیین شده و تحلیل آماری انواع کنش های گفتاری به کاررفته در آن ارائه می شود. نتایج این پژوهش می تواند برای ترجمه این اثر به زبان های دیگر و نیز برای اهداف آموزشی در کلاس های خارجی زبانان سودمند باشد.

Advertisement has long been used as a tool for informing and attracting audiences in different ways. This study aims at investigating the linguistic tools of advertisement in Persian on the basis of Halliday’s systemic-functional grammar theory. The data of this study were gathered from written and verbal commercial advertisements which were recorded and rewritten in order to investigate verbal groups in the sentences in terms of process and function types and subsequently compare the two bodies. The results showed that material and relational processes had highest frequency in Persian language in terms of ideational metafunction. From the interpersonal metafunction perspective, information function was frequent in most cases. Regarding these factors, there was no significant difference between verbal and written bodies.

The language register used in academic communities has the special features of density, complexity, and abstractness which are associated with nominalization with which new members of the communities might not be familiar. To explore the possible distance between novice and established members regarding their awareness of this grammatical feature, the present study investigated the employment of nominalization in the writings of Iranian graduate students (both MA and PhD students) and experienced figures in applied linguistics. Forty five research articles in the discipline by the three groups of writers served as the corpus of the study. A rigorous analysis began by identifying and outlining nominalization instances manually through and per all rhetorical sections of the articles. The occurrences of the two types of nominal expressions was counted and normalized. So as to detect the possible significant differences between the samples, chi-square tests were run. The results revealed that the experienced writers used significantly more nominalization in their writings. However, although the total nominal expressions used in MA texts were more than those used in PhD texts, the difference turned out not to be significant. There were also similarities and variations in the ranking patterns of the two types of nominalization in four rhetorical sections of the three groups of the articles. It can be concluded that the differences might reflect the distance between the novice and the established authors regarding their awareness of the importance of nominalization in academic writing. The implications of the study for EAP courses were also discussed.