درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Purpose: This paper mainly aimed to provide a model for policy-making in the private school system. Methodology: Based on the literature review, 17 influential factors were identified with the mixed method of survey and theme analysis. In the qualitative part, the semantic pattern was discovered and analyzed with the RQDA qualitative analysis software, and in the quantitative part, the Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) method was used to determine relationships. Statistical population in the qualitative part were 20 people (policy-making experts, professors and senior managers) were selected and participated in a semi-structured and quantitative interview. A number of 1140 schools were selected from Northern, Central and Southern Khorasan using a simple random sampling method with proof of validity and reliability. Findings: The results of factors affecting policy-making based on fuzzy numerical average are: Investment 0.72, government aid 0.87, managers 0.74, teachers 0.73, executive agents 0.75, educational equipment 0.81, government-approved laws 0.89, banking system 0.88, tax and insurance 0.73, municipal, housing and urban organizations 0.33, community members 0.65, experts 0.8, Farhangian University training 0.8, coordination council 0.81, specialized founders 0.78, special schools 0.78, supervisory council 0.88, which because municipal organizations, housing and urban development 0.33, and community members 0.65 were lower than the average, they were rejected and the rest were accepted. Strategies in the first level (managers, executives and teachers) are the most effective and the sixth level (government laws) is the most effective. Conclusion: Based on the results, the other 15 factors that have a great impact on policy-making should be considered.

Purpose: The purpose of this research was to achieve a comprehensive model of home businesses and conceptualize it in the form of knowledge theory. Methodology: From the point of view of the objective, the current research is a part of applied research and from the point of view that none of the variables in this study are subject to modification or manipulation; it was a non-experimental (descriptive) research. Finding the required information with 15 key informants), an exploratory interview was conducted, the sampling process was purposeful and strategic and will continue until the process of analysis and discovery reaches theoretical saturation. Data analysis was done based on open, axial and selective coding using Atlas t.i software. Findings: A total of 207 initial conceptual propositions were obtained from the interviews in the open coding stage. Unfavorable economic status of the family, low education and inability to be employed in government bodies, coercion of the father during childhood, the need to supervise and care for children, the need to be with the family more, and low and insufficient initial capital to start working in the market, including The causal factors have been the entry of people into home business; The most important theoretical finding of this research is related to the fact that home business owners are more inclined towards businesses that are related to their previous knowledge. Conclusion: The findings show that in the phenomenon of home business and the success of the owners of these businesses, 4 components are effective as described, causal factors, underlying conditions, action strategies and outputs, which are actually research innovation. It is especially evident in causal factors

Purpose: Quality of education in multi-grade classrooms is important in the education system, neglect of which is associated with the weakness of the education model and related factors. Methodology: The present study was conducted to validate a model for the quality of education in multi-grade classrooms in primary schools as exploratory research. In qualitative study, thematic analysis was used by an inductive approach, and in quantitative study, descriptive survey was used. Given the components, an 81-item questionnaire was provided. To validate the questionnaire, convergent validity, content validity and construct validity were used. The statistical population of the research included teachers, principals and educational leaders of multi-grade classrooms in all the cities of North Khorasan Province, including 1203 multi-grade classrooms. By Cochran's formula, 349 people were selected as the research sample. The structural model of the research was fitted and the path coefficients of the research model were analyzed by the bootstrap method (resampling and sequential sampling) and the Student's t-test statistic. Findings: According to the results, 0.823% of the changes in the quality of multi-grade classrooms have been predicted by the sub-components of teachers' professional competence and characteristics, macro policies, the state of schools, family model and themes related to the students. Conclusion: All questions were confirmed due to a factor load above 0.5, and the model had a good fit.

Purpose: Evaluating innovative organizational culture in higher education is crucial because it creates a competitive advantage. Therefore, this research aimed to provide a model for innovative organizational culture in the Islamic Azad University of Mazandaran region based on transformative leadership style, professional ethics, and quality of work life. Methodology: In terms of purpose, this research was practical; it was cross-partial in terms of time, and its methodology was mixed (qualitative and quantitative). The research population was the professors and managers of the Islamic Azad University of Mazandaran region in 2021, and according to the principle of theoretical saturation, 20 of them were selected as a sample using targeted and snowball sampling methods. The quantitative population was the employees of the Islamic Azad University of Mazandaran region in 2021, and according to the table of Karajesi and Morgan, 291 of them were selected as a sample by cluster sampling method. The current research tools were semi-structured interviews in the qualitative part and questionnaires created by the researcher in the quantitative part of innovative organizational culture, transformational leadership style, professional ethics, and quality of work life, whose psychometric indicators were confirmed. The qualitative data were analyzed with the thematic analysis method in MAXQDA software, and the quantitative part with exploratory factor analysis and path analysis methods in SPSS and Smart PLS software. Findings: The findings of the qualitative part showed that 25 components were identified for innovative organizational culture in 4 dimensions of innovation effects (6 components) and for the quality of working life, 13 components in 3 dimensions of the nature of the job, organizational learning (7 components), individual development of employees (7 components) and the desire and tendency to innovate (5 components), for the transformational leadership style, 10 components in 2 dimensions of individual considerations ( 4 components) and mental motivation (6 components), for professional ethics 17 components in 3 dimensions of organizational ethics (5 components), occupational ethics (5 components) and personal ethics (7 components). Finally, the model of innovative organizational culture, transformational leadership style, professional ethics, and quality of work life was designed in the Islamic Azad University of Mazandaran region. Also, the findings of the quantitative part showed that the factor load, average variance extracted, and Cronbach's alpha of all components were higher than 0.70. The model of innovative organizational culture based on transformational leadership style, professional ethics, and quality of work life had a good fit. Professional ethics and quality of work life directly and significantly affected innovative organizational culture (P<0.001). Still, the transformational leadership style did not directly and significantly affect innovative organizational culture (P<0.05). Conclusion: Considering the importance of innovative organizational culture in Islamic Azad University and the present research findings, it is possible to provide the basis for promoting innovative organizational culture by improving the dimensions and components identified for transformational leadership style, professional ethics, and quality of work life.

Purpose: The aim of the present study is to validate the applied model for the school management excellence program implementation. Methodology: This study was a correlation and survey methods. All 20 middle and high schools located in districts 1 and 2 of Ardabil city, which have been the implementers of the excellence program during the last two years, were selected and their human resources formed the statistical population. The researcher-made questionnaire with Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of 0.97 was distributed in 10 schools with the participation of 152 teachers using stratified random sampling method. Smart-PLS and SPSS soft wares were employed to analyze the data using structural equations and Hoteling’s T test. Findings: The findings showed that the current research model meets desirable validity. Therefore, the effective factors identified in the implementation of the excellence program were found to be valid. The results via Hoteling’s T test also showed that there is a significant difference between the factors identified in successful and unsuccessful schools according to the performances of the years 2018 and 2019. The factors of management and leadership style and human resources training were found to meet the highest and lowest discrepancies between successful and unsuccessful schools, respectively. Conclusion: The present results indicated that the factors of the space and resources, efforts of custodians, organizational culture, role of parents, environmental factors, management and leadership style, principal’s features, human resources training, organizational health and usefulness of teachers play a key role in achieving program-centered, self-assessment, school-centered and total quality consequences.