درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Purpose: This paper follows a two-fold objective: First it examines the relationship between the external factors of compensation, support, empowerment, boundaries and expectations, pre-service and in- service training and Iranian EFL teachers’ performance. Second, it searches for the moderating effect of self-regulation on the relationship between teachers’ external assets and their performance. Methodology: To achieve the above aims, a quantitative approach to research was employed. The samples included two hundred Iranian EFL teachers of universities and English institutes of Kerman, Iran. The data were collected by means of self-administered questionnaires and analyzed by AMOS software. The direct structural model was employed to determine the path relationships between the external factors and teachers’ performance. Findings: The result showed that external assets had a positive and significant effect on the Iranian EFL teachers' performance as dependent variable (β = .372, C. R= 6.211, P <.05). Moreover, self-regulation moderates the path relation between two of the variables: boundaries and expectation and the EFL teachers' performance. The path relation between the other four variables of the external assets including pre-service and in- service training, support, compensation and empowerment for low and high self-regulation was not found to be significant, i.e. self-regulation moderation effect for these relations was not supported. Discussion: Working conditions for teachers should be best promote effective learning and enable teachers to concentrate on their professional tasks.

Purpose: the transformation of marriage patterns and family formation by following transition from traditional society to a modern society causes changes in goals, function of family formation. The aim of this study was comparative investigation of the attitudes of single and married individuals about marriage function. Materials and method: the study performed by qualitative method. The statistical society included all married and single men and women in Tehran city. Sample size was 55 single and 57 married men. 66 single and 60 married women. They were selected using purposeful and available sampling method. First, the statistical analysis performed through content analysis of the subject’s response to an open question as "What is the function of marriage” and after categorizing the responses by several psychologists, using the chi-square test was evaluated agreement between comments of married and single people. Findings: the response of subjects classified in six categories of physiological (physical), psychological, social, economic, religious and spiritual functions and comparison of groups showed significant differences in these categories. There was consistent between single and married people's comments about physiological function of marriage. Disagreement seen with regard to psychological, social and economic function. The married groups more than the single groups had investigated spiritual and religious category. Discussion: despite consistent and discrepancies resulting from the change in people's views about marriage function; as individuals consider functions and benefits for marriage, indicating the place and value of marriage in today's society and in consultations.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the harm of successful deployment of knowledge management system in urban management. Methodology: This was an applied study in terms of the purpose, and a descriptive-survey one in terms of method. The statistical population (403 ones) included all managers, deputies and experienced staff of selected municipalities in west of Mazandaran Province (Ramsar, Tonekabon, Noshahr, Noor, Amol and محمودabad) in 2018; the research was done based on data collected from 201 participants were according to the Cochran formula with relative stratified sampling method. Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, single sample t-test, confirmatory factor analysis and Friedman test were used to test the research hypotheses. Findings: Chi-square statistic in the model was 37.241, the freedom degree of the model was 100, which was approximately in the range of acceptable value. On the other hand, the fit indices of model such as NNFI, NFI, GFI, CFI and IFI were all appropriate and the RMR index was 0.083. Conclusion: According to the results of standard coefficients, t values and R2 values in confirmatory factor analysis, in all dimensions introduced in the conceptual model of the research including 1. Organizational structure, 2. Environmental factors, 3. Technology factors, and 4. Human resources, were effective as a social harm in the failure to the successful deployment of knowledge management in urban management.

Purpose: A teaching organization is one whose members are all teaching and learning. This study investigated the model of teaching organization for Farhangian University. Materials and Method: To this end, 35 experts and clear sighted individuals working in this university and are aware of this university function were interviewed and data were elicited. The method was the systematic plan of data-based theory. Measuring validity of data using interviewees and experts' comments and estimating reliability through experimental interviews were done. Findings: The results during 3 steps of open, axial and selective coding indicated 54 components, which were in a paradigm model including: hardware infrastructures (educational equipment, physical space and new technologies); software infrastructures (proper curriculum programming, organizational and media relations, organizational atmosphere, organizational value internalization, ideas and organizational subjective patterns, financial resources management, paving the way for mutual learning, members cooperation in mutual learning, organizational culture of teaching and scientific-social networks); thought ware infrastructures (human capitals, inter-members mutual trust, management subjective pattern, edge, members empowering, members attitude and mentality, members energy and motivation and teachable points of view); social factors, informational and technical factors, political factors, value factors, economic factors, environmental-biological factors, and team learning, common perspective, systemic thought, personal dominance, subjective models, producing knowledge and conveying knowledge. Discussion: They are reflected the model of a teaching organization for Farhangian University.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the job intelligence, job burnout and happiness among the high school principals in Zahedan City, district 1. Methodology: The research method is descriptive-correlational and the statistical population of this study is all the principals of district 1 high schools who worked in the academic year 2012-2013. The sample size was also equal to the population size (100 ones). To collect the data, Schering's Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire, Maslow Job Burnout Questionnaire and Oxford Happiness Questionnaire were used. One-sample t-test, Pearson correlation coefficient and stepwise multivariate regression were used for data analysis. Findings: It was concluded that there was a significant negative relationship between the emotional intelligence and job burnout, and there is a significant positive relationship between emotional intelligence and happiness. There is a significant negative relationship between all components of emotional intelligence of principals with their burnout. Among all components of emotional intelligence, two components of self-control and social skills had a significant positive relationship with the happiness of school principals. Among the components of emotional intelligence, the components of social consciousness and social skills can predict the job burnout of school principals. Also, among the components of emotional intelligence, social skills, self-awareness, self-control and self-motivating, can predict the happiness of school principals. Conclusion: The mean scores of all three emotional, happiness and burnout variables were less than the hypothetical mean among the principals.

Abstract Purpose: This research conducted with the aim of presenting a model about risk management training in the insurance industry. Research method was practical in terms of objective; in terms of data collection method, it was descriptive-correlational; and considering the data type was quantitative. Methodology: The statistical population, consisted of all men and women working in the insurance industry (51882 individuals), from whom 384 individuals were selected as sample size, using a Stratified Random Sampling method and Morgan table. In order to collect data, made researcher questionnaire from available literature was used. Validity was approved by content validity according to academic experts and insurance industry viewpoint; and in order to calculate reliability, Cronbach's Alpha coefficient was used. Finding: Findings approved of the validity and reliability of the data collection tools. Analysis of data was conducted using SPSS and Lisrel software in two sections: descriptive statistics and inferential statistics (structural equations). Discussion: Findings showed that presented model consist of factors like principles of educational management, familiarity with risk management system, environmental factors, organizational resources, learning organization, social capital, and organizational culture had appropriate fitting.

Purpose: The project of identifying and leading gifted students (Shahab) was implemented between 2014 and 2015 Education Year by the National Elites Foundation in cooperation with Education Ministry in some regions of all provinces of Iran. Methodology: The project’s main goal was to identify, distinguish and guide the gifted students in elementary and junior education and paving the way to support them in higher education. The project will include all regions in all provinces in the coming years. In our research, teachers of fourth grade elementary schools attempted to evaluate and qualify students by using a pre-defined check list. It tried to understand the challenges and impediments of implementing Shahab project in Shahryar, a suburb of Tehran. Using descriptive and survey methods, it investigated the viewpoints of more than 175 teachers (85 males and 90 female) in fourth grade elementary schools. The interviews were elected randomly and the questionnaire included 40 closed questions in 8 fields and recognized the main obstacles of implementing Shahab project. Taking into consideration descriptive statistical indices, the author has used the Chi-square test one-variable and two variables tests in analyzing gathered information. Findings: The findings demonstrated that the male and female teachers have different ideas regarding challenges and obstacles of the Shahab project. Males believed that the main challenges are check list and method of identifying overqualified students on the one hand and the attitudes of parents on the other. This is while the females expressed that education- related issues and execution factors are the main problems. Conclusion: Putting aside the gender factor, it is argued that teachers see the check list and method of identifying gifted students as the main challenges in implementing Shahab project in Shahryar city.

Purpose: According to statistic research, more than ninety percent of payment of debt and transferring banking resources was done with check. So, providing its executive security is undeniable necessity. For this reason, legislators enacted draft that whose title is draft of revision check cod. Methodology: The present research is applied in terms of purpose and content analysis method. In the organization of research, the documentary and library methods have been used and the information analysis has been obtained qualitatively and based on the inference of the researcher on the sources and texts. Findings: Accordingly, writers with legal and economic approach and with research of its efficiency and improving its defects goal want to answer to two question. The first question is what point was ignored in past cods until legislators decide to amend it? And second question is, is draft come back efficiency to legal system by improving last defects? Conclusion: In answer should tell: the important of previous rules is neglecting of remedy’s capacity. why so, legislators help to promise after breach of contract in previous rules while in this draft they focus to preventive remedy and try to increase efficiency of check by revealing of information. this subject based on credit feature of obligating and prohibition deal with hight risk and delete removing failure market.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to present a causal model of job motivation with organizational-citizenship behavior (OCB) and the mediating role of organizational commitment in teachers in Ramhormoz, Iran. Methodology: The sample was 250 (125 females and 125 male) teachers, selected by stratified random sampling method, in the academic year of 2016-2017. The study was applied and research method was correlation using structural equations. The measurement tools used were Herzberg Job Motivation Questionnaire (1966), Oregon and Kanovsky (1996) OCB Questionnaire (1996), and Allen and Meyer (1990) Organizational Commitment Questionnaire (OCQ). Coefficients and structural equation modeling were used for data analysis. Findings: The findings in the direct paths of the model indicated positive direct effect of citizenship behavior on different aspects of organizational commitment and job motivation. Moreover, continuous commitment and emotional commitment had a direct effect on job motivation, but normative commitment did not have this effect. In the intermediary path of the model, citizenship-organizational behavior had positive indirect and negative indirect effects on job motivation, respectively through emotional and continuous commitment, but this effect was not significant through normative commitment. Discussion: According to the results of the research fitness of the proposed model increased after eliminating irrelevant paths and adding up new paths, so a good fit analysis was created for the final model.

The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of acceptance-based treatment and commitment to interdependence, loneliness and Attributional styles of addicts' wives. The present study was a quasi-experimental design with a pretest-posttest with control group and from the perspective of the purpose, the research was applied. The statistical population of the study consisted of all wives of drug addicts in Tehran. The sample of the present study was based on objective sampling based on available sampling including 30 subjects (15 subjects in each group, 15 in the experimental group and 15 in the control group). The research instruments were Spen-Fisher questionnaire (1991), loneliness questionnaire, Attributional style styles, and adherence-based therapy package. Data were analyzed by repeated measures of covariance and Bonferrini test. Findings showed that considering the fact that the level of significance is smaller than α, also considering that the effect of pre-test was covariate by covariance test, it can be concluded that in the context of the variables of dependency, loneliness and Attributional styles, Treatment based on admission and commitment has been significantly effective. Also, considering all the three variables, we can conclude that the experimental intervention has led to changes in the experimental group. So the treatment affected the decrease in dependency and loneliness and the change in the Attributional style.

Take comprehensive and holistic social harm, risks and damage. Check the rights of consumers, from this perspective, a new look and dynamic, because the causes, effects and risk of non-compliance with consumer rights as a kind of social harm, discussed and examined. The first goal of manufacturers of goods and services in the economic cycle profitability. In fact, growers intend to sell their products and earn money in this regard, in some cases, consumer rights, the most important manufacturers of survival is to be applied. Disregard the social consequences of mistrust producers to consumers' rights, prosperity foreign goods, intangible victimization and lack of support from the government and bring the manufacturer. The authors of this paper shows that the foundations of Consumer Rights to the pathology violation of consumer rights and finally conclude that the population of consumers as a single entity, need to deal with the lawsuit group and institution building spontaneous, and finally, the request to amend the consumer protection Act, the community's social ills and dangers, is protected

Purpose: The aim of this study was to examine the impact of Diamond-Levitt and knowledge management, organizational effectiveness, in PNU Kermanshah province. The study was a descriptive - survey. The population of the study, 470 employees of Payame Noor University in Kermanshah province, are included. Using Cochran formula, 212 people were selected. Materials and method: Data collection tools, questionnaires Diamond Levitt, and knowledge management researcher, and organizational effectiveness Parsons (1969). Questionnaire, approved three professors, and reliability with Cronbach's alpha for diamonds Levitt, knowledge management and organizational effectiveness, respectively (86%, 82% and 77%) are. Findings: By SPSS and LISREL, research data were analyzed. The results of the analysis and stepwise linear regression, 95% indicated that the diamond Levitt knowledge management variables (0.226), and organizational effectiveness (0.227) and knowledge management and organizational effectiveness (0.178), have a significant positive effect. The results of the study showed that, in effect Diamond Levitt knowledge management, organizational effectiveness as a mediator (0.263) is. Discussion: Also in this study to test the conceptual model, structural equation modeling was used, the results of direct effects diamond variable Levitt, knowledge management, (0.87) and organizational effectiveness (0.66), and the direct effect of knowledge management on organizational effectiveness (0.52), and the indirect effect and the effect of variable diamond-Levitt, organizational effectiveness, respectively (0.69) and (0.11) is indicated and the t-statistic is also witness to the significance of the results is. Finally, the mediating role of knowledge management, the relationship between the Diamond-Levitt, and was supported organizational effectiveness, so that the diamond Levitt indirect impact on organizational effectiveness, with the role of knowledge management (indirect effect = 0.69), Levitt diamonds larger than the direct impact on organizational effectiveness (direct effect = 0.66) is. The above results indicate fit (RMSEA = 0.072 and GFI=0.93) was the optimal model.

Purpose: With the expansion of technology and its impact on the various aspects of human life, particularly in the field of commerce and exchanges, and with the expansion of competition in the field of international trade, the study of various aspects of electronic commerce as one of the most important effects of this type of business, is inevitable. The present research seeks to answer the main question: "what is the judicial citation of electronic evidence in electronic commerce cases, and what legal and social effects will it have?". Methodology: The present study is a descriptive-analytic (qualitative) one and uses inferential methodology using the researcher's ability to understand the legal scans related to the judicial citation of electronic evidence in electronic commerce cases and also to rely on evidence and facts are used. Findings: Using electronic communications as a means of conducting various types of interaction, such as deals, poses an important topic for e-commerce that due to the features of cyberspace, the clarification of the legal system in electronic commerce cases has a particular importance to the other issues of IT rights in the line with judicial justice. Conclusion: If the process of discovery and access to electronic evidence is carried out in accordance with the legal principles, it can be the basis for issuing the sentence and the rules governing the evidence (law) are also the same for the electronic commerce cases.