درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

The purpose of this research is to investigate the architectural index elements in local and Jame Mosques. “Mosque” is an allusion to a place of worship, which should be able to induce a sense of worship in its audience. The forms and roles in the building are the shapes that are influenced by the content and affect the human sensory perception and are directly related to people's beliefs and religion. Therefore, the main issue in its design is the suitability of the architecture of the mosques with their dignity and functional content. When Islam emerged, there was no idea of the principles of building a mosque and the only pattern was the Prophet's house. Iranian architectural styles have changed and evolved during different periods of history, in accordance with governments, religions and beliefs, and with the arrival of Islam, the Iranian architectural style underwent many changes. In general, several prominent elements are used in the architecture of the mosque: the courtyard, the porch, the shrine, the mihrab, the dome and the minaret. However, some mosques lack elements or some have several elements of the same element. So, in this research, by examining the historical (local and Jame) mosques of Zanjan, their architectural index elements which are unknown aspects of this research, as well as to determine the factors influencing the design of these mosques that take the ambiguous dimension of the research, it was revealed through library studies and the descriptive/analytical method of existing documents and research.

The collection of faunal remains considered in this study was obtained from excavations at Qara Tepe, Sagzabad, in 2013, 2014, and 2015, with a particular focus on the Iron Age II and III. A large part of the faunal assemblages was successfully identified. The collection is formed by a range of species, among them being small ruminants (Capra aegagrus, Ovis Aries, Gazella subgutturosa), large ruminants (Bos Taurus, Cervidae, Equidae (Equus caballus, Equus africanus asinus), Carnivora (Canis lupus familiaris, Sus scrofa), Rodentia, Muridae, Lagomorpha, Aves, and Camelidae (Camelus dromedarius). The total of 1200 identifiable pieces belongs to 16 discrete species. The most frequent category is small ruminants, i.e., goats and sheep, a fact indicating that a climate favorable for the breeding of these species characterized the region during the Iron II‒III. The observation also highlights the significant role these animals played in the local subsistence economy during the relevant period. Related remains are profusely associated with human skeletal remains and cemetery burials at Sagzabad. Some are pretty complete, lacking any indications of cutting or butchery. Potential reasons for the abundance of these species were their adaptation to the landscape and their ease of breeding.