درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

This study attempted to explore to what extent each of the three techniques of culture narratives, culture capsules and culture training activities significantly affect the critical cultural awareness of Iranian EFL learners by comparing their means from pretest to post-test questionnaire after ten-session treatment. Furthermore, it investigated whether there are any differences in the effectiveness of these techniques. Regarding the participants, the testing group was 154 undergraduate English language translation students, including both male and female students, forming three experimental groups. This investigation used the quasi-experimental pretest-posttest design. The sampling method was convenience sampling. The homogeneity test and a pre-post critical cultural awareness questionnaire were used to collect data. The collected data were analyzed through Repeated Measures ANOVA and Simple Effect Analysis. Based on the obtained results, there were significant differences between the pretest and the post-test, which means that by applying the techniques mentioned above, the critical cultural awareness of learners increased. Also, there were significant differences between the three groups’ overall means on pre-post critical cultural awareness questionnaires. Considering the three groups, culture narratives, culture capsule and culture training activities, the former outperforms the others. Furthermore, between culture training activities and culture capsule groups, the culture training activities group performed better than the culture capsule group.

The main aim of this study this study was explaining the structural model of teacher's perception of school's social capital and teacher's psychological capital with their readiness for change in primary schools. The research statistical population was included all primary school teachers (17500) in Fars province, that 733 of them were selected as the research sample by using systematic sampling method. The research instruments were included three questionnaires: social capital, psychological capital and readiness for changing, which were distributed and collected after calculating validity (speciation analysis) and reliability (Cronbach's alpha). Research data were analyzed using one-sample t-test, Pearson's correlation's matrix and multivariate regression (structural equation model) and also Amos23 and Spss25 software. Findings showed that while the average dimension of social network was higher than the desired level, the rest of the dimensions of social capital and the average total of social capital was less than the desired level. The average of teacher’s psychological capital and all its dimensions was higher than desired. Examining the simultaneous role of social capital and psychological capital in predicting readiness for change, it was concluded that social capital loses its predictive power for readiness for changing (β= 0/07 & p= NS) and psychological capital have a positive and significant predictive power for readiness for change (β= 0/62 & p< 0/01). The output of this research can be use by managers, teachers and other staff in different domains to providing readiness ground for change by developing and strengthening the capacities of psychological capital.

The purpose of the research was to investigate the role of visionary leadership and empowering leadership of school principals On Teacher's Change Tendencies by mediating role of teachers’ organizational learning and professional development. The research population was all the primary school teachers of Kurdistan province. Of those, 364 teachers were selected by proportional stratified random sampling based on the Cochran's Formula. The research method was a quantitative correlational study based on the covariance based structural equation modeling approach. To collect data, the empowering leadership questionnaire (Ahearn, Mathieu and Rapp, 2005); visionary leadership questionnaire (Kanger and Kanango, 1998); Organizational learning questionnaire (Garcia Morales et al., 2006); professional development questionnaire (Nova's, 2008) and tendency to change questionnaire (Dunham et al, 1989) were used. The reliability and validity of the questionnaires were evaluated by the Cronbach's alpha coefficients and confirmatory factor analysis. To analyze the data, structural equation modeling was used by Lisrel software. The results showed that: visionary and empowering leadership of school principals had a direct, positive and meaningful effect on teachers' organizational learning, teachers' professional development and teachers' change tendencies. They had also a positive and significant indirect effect on teachers' change tendencies through organizational learning and professional development. The variables of visionary and empowering leadership of school principals, teachers' organizational learning, and teachers' professional development were able to explain 0.13 of the variance of teachers' change tendencies.