درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Security doctrine is an official viewpoint in expression of national security considerations; a viewpoint, which is planned, based on different foundation & considerations of political units. This doctrine is operated within strategic solutions format and tries to maximize the security of the territory as the most important political concern in general meaning and geopolitics in particular meaning by offering decision-making strategies to the country leaders. In this regard, studying the security doctrine strategic solutions in geopolitical discourse of the transition period with emphasis on the 4 theories of environmental, economical, locative-spatial and cultural, are the main issue of the current article. The importance of the issue is the final goal of geopolitics as a science of locative-spatial study of the political phenomenon with emphasis on the power, security maximization by the territory capacities.  Based on the above mentioned, identifying the security strategic solutions is required in the views of this science. The main question is about, what are the security strategic solutions in the above-mentioned geopolitical view? The author is explaining his hypothesis based on descriptive and analytical methods by using library resource tools, as below: "Security strategic solutions of changing the current situation, peace and preemptive war are suggested for the views of geo-ecology, geo-economy, locative-spatial and geo-culture." The current results show that every geopolitical theorists needs to suggest territory safety secured by different security strategic solutions with a particular focus in order to success in operational fields.

This paper initially attempts to demonstrate that Iranian society has constantly attempted to democratize the authoritarian regime, but it usually fails in the transition stage. I have shown that the democratization process in Iran has often resulted in the creation of a newly shaped authoritarian structure rather than an institutionalized democratic regime.  Meanwhile, I have argued that the democratic process has not been interrupted and some of the minimum criteria of the transition process, such as the politics of periodic elections, have been realized in Iran. In this study the democratic transition has been explained through socioeconomic development. The data for this paper consist of forty-two cases of parliamentary and presidential elections. The hypothesis is evaluated using regression analysis technique. The empirical findings indicate that the proportion of the total variance of democratic transition which is explained by the socioeconomic development is 0.56 percent. This relation is positive and is statistically significant at .05 level. <br />  <br /> 

In the wake of the capture of Iraqi lands, especially Mosul by the ISIS, the talk of disintegration of Iraq was ever more serious in political circles. The idea is still at issue even after the collapse of the ISIS and its defeat in Mosul. The main objective of this study is to examine whether ethnic and religious conflicts are powerful enough to lead to Iraq’s disintegration. Considering the recent developments in Iraq with pretexts of ethnic and religious conflicts, the question considered in this article is whether this situation could pose a threat to the territorial integrity of Iraq or not? Monitoring the positions of internal groups of Iraq, U.S. interests as well as neighboring countries including Iran, Saudi Arabia and Turkey indicates that disintegration of Iraq would not be beneficial for these countries and it will cause farther violence in the region. In this research, the roles of certain Foreign & domestic or International & national elements in the Iraqi politics and society are being analyzed. A study of the effect of the three variables of Kurds, Sunnis and Shias on Iraqi disintegration or integrity indicates that the Kurd variable has the largest contributing effect on Iraq disintegration while the other two variables show lesser potential for driving the country towards disintegration. Nevertheless, the interests of the regional and trans-regional states combined with the geographical situation of Iraq as a landlocked territory prove to be an obstacle in the way of disintegration of the country. According to the findings of this research, the territorial disintegration of Iraq does not seem to be a viable scenario and territorial integrity of Iraq is more consistent with the objectives and interests of local communities and foreign governments. <br />  <br /> 

The energy plays a significant role in human life and almost it is not possible to continue the life without it. This is why energy has a key role in our national and international policies and has shaped up patterns of rivalry, cooperation, conflict, violation, interaction, convergence, and divergence in the international arena and relations between countries and authorities. Therefore, interestingly the sources of energy provision, energy corridors, and consumer markets, energy trade, energy technology, and things like them increase in value. This study investigated energy resources in Iran and Middle East in library research method. In addition to have a unique geopolitical position, Iran is located in ellipse of energy and there is more than 70 percent of world resources of oil and 60 percent of world resources of gas in Iran. In addition, Iran has located in the energy corridor of north to south and east to west and all of the ways pass through this wide country. Hence, it can pump money into the country not only by selling energy, but also with transmitting of energy and accordingly, it can evolve the country economy with a correct planning and engagement with countries. <br />  <br />