درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Historical fabric of Arak, as one of the most important inorganic cities in urbanization history of Iran, has been implemented from the beginning based on predetermined plan and project. During the age that majority of cities in Iran used to be created organically and gradually based on public needs, all steps of construction of Arak City including spatial organization, physical structure, communicative network system, activity distribution pattern and composition of urban elements were firstly designed and then implemented. The main objective of this study is to identify and analyze the physical features of monuments of Arak city to discover the behavioral system of monuments with the composition features standard. According to the research objective, the method applied is descriptive, analytical and comparative method based on field and library investigations. In this study, first architectural composition features including scale, proportion, hierarchy, axis, focus point, composition center, modulus, flexibility, rhythm and geometry are analyzed in each monument. Then, the monuments were classified in sub-factors of each composition feature and then, through comparing the classified groups, common features of monuments in each sub-factor with most frequency are extracted. The results obtained from the study showed existence of unit behavioral system in special groups of monuments compared to architectural composition features leading to typology of Arak’s historical monuments.

Improving employment opportunities for people and reducing the economic burden on government requires a broad and concentrated effort on private sectors. Private sector growth is a key engine for creation jobs. The major advantage of private sector is its employment potential at low capital cost. These sectors are the nursery of entrepreurship, often driven by individual creativity and innovation. Entrepreneurs seek opportunities and innovations often provide the instrument for them to succeed. However, certain social, cultural and structural factors are inherent within a society which can affect entrepreurial activity. The purpose of present paper is exploring a set of positive and negative factors which can result in either stimulating or damping the activity of entrepreneurs in Iran. The statistical population includes successful entrepreneurs of Iran’s provinces in 2014 that were selected as sample randomly. The result shows that success achieved by the entrepreneurs is positively correlated with their risk taking abilities. The overall conclusion clears that the family and government support influence

Quality of urban areas and improvement of it have always been considered as one of the main issues in the process of urbanization. It might be possible to consider this importance as the result of fundamental changes in intellectual patterns during the past two decades in one side and its proposal in all aspects of human life on the other side though this is one of the main influential concepts in urban landscape and vision, and there are various approaches available regarding this matter. These approaches have decreased the nature of landscape concept to simple decorating concept and even considering it equal to any type of interaction between human and environment and it identification. So there are several results for each definition in terms of planning and management. Urban landscape &ndash as the objective of city &ndash is the most impressive urban index for human beings. The issue of lack of attention to city vision and landscape, and efforts in identifying and creating of it, is one of the most important problems of cities. Increase in Population as a threat to city life, migration of rural population to urban areas and large cities, traffic, air pollution, open space, green space and playgrounds and several other issues, are among the items that have been discussed relatively more than issue of urban landscape and its problems and more papers and books have been written on it. Urban landscape is in fact all the elements that can be seen in the city and can be watched by human eyes. These items form urban landscape when they are integrated and combined with several factors in every moment. This article seeks to enhance the environmental quality to organize urban landscape in Sa&rsquodi Street through discovery of historical meanings, cultural codes and local architectural terms in visual landscape of the city, and giving sense to it in physical and visual formats. Therefor with review of Store street in New York &ndash as an foreign sample - and Hamze street in Isfahan &ndash as a domestic sample &ndash the existing situation of Sa&rsquodi street is reviewed and SWOT analysis is then implemented for examining the weaknesses and strength factors and regulating the urban landscape of this street through field-documentary studies.

Background and purpose: Managers’ competencies leave a decisive effect on the mental health of staff. The present research intends to investigate the influence of emotional-social competencies on the mental health of the staff. Method: the current research is practical in its purpose and correlative regarding data gathering. The statistical community included all the staff of Pegah Company in District 3, which were 221 persons selected through simple random sampling. The assessment tools of this study were standard Boyatzis questionnaire for emotional-social competencies of managers from the staff’s point of view and Goldberg general health questionnaire for the mental health of the staff. The validity (content, convergent, divergent) and reliability (load factor, composite reliability, and Cronbach’s alpha coefficient) were employed which indicated that assessment tools have acceptable validity and reliability; and the gathered data were analyzed by SMART-PLS2 and descriptive statistics with SPSS21. Findings: the outcomes of this study indicate that t coefficient ranges between emotional-social competency, emotional competency and social competency with the mental health which were respectively 7.46, 5.21, and 10.46. Also, the values of R2 coefficient of determination were 0.71, 0.67, and 0.54 respectively which are desired results. It shows that emotional-social competency, emotional competency and social competency leave positive and significant impacts on mental health. Conclusion: the results of this study attests to the importance of managers’ emotional-social competency for mental health of staff. Thus, the organizations should employ some strategies for the managers to acquire emotional-social competencies and accordingly improve mental health of staff and attain organizational goals.

With emergence of urbanism, complication of urban community system, and occurrence of urban problems, a new paradigm of urban management was introduced that adopted new methods to involve citizens in policy making, planning, and supervision and direction of urban life. Therefore, the main element in managerial methods is involving citizens in urban life. Among the ways to make urban residents into real citizens is training an informing them. What everyday life suggests is everydayness. Everyday life is the very everyday life that is spent on repeated and everydayness activities such as work, rest, commutation, shopping, which all are boring and follow a predictable procedure. Urban spaces inevitably are background of large part of citizen’s everyday life, and therefore, undoubtedly interact with it, which means they both influence and are influenced by the individuals’ everyday life. This paper aims to collect and analyze literature on such interaction. Relation between urban space and everyday life has different aspects. However, they are placed between two contrasting ends, and tend towards one of them: everydayness and daily life; the latter of which suggests creativity, vividness and efflorescence of everyday life. Such life leads to lived experienced and creative moments for an individual, contributing to his/her balanced development. Such life, in the first place, realizes in a space which has individuals actively involved in its production and protection; and formation of such space has not been formed to impose dominant system’s values and rules on individuals. It is only in such space that physical and social dimensions of space are aligned, and spontaneity and efflorescence of urban life realize. It is in such space that diversity and individual differences are maintained at the same as keeping social sustainability. In other words, it is in such space that one can attain the right of being: one can live irrespective of his/her economic status, sex, education level, etc. In such space, individuals’ human rights in terms of access to urban requirements are observed and are subject to justice; people have the right to choose between proactive involvement in collection actions, and interactions, and retirement and relaxing from burden of urban life; collective memoirs of city are formed, and in addition to “form”, the space will acquire a “structure”, which remains in the people’s mind as a common thing. Memoirs that are embodied again as they are recollected, and as Agness Heller’s said, are reviewed in quiet and peace. Such review sets human mind free of sinews of everydayness, and directs towards criticism of the surrounding world. This paper was conducted using description-analytic method. Data collection was carried out using library (documentary) and field methods. This paper tries to study challenges and consequences of training of citizenship and relationship between urban space and everyday life.

The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of management information system on employees’ performance of Tehran Province Water and Wastewater Company in district 5. The present study was an applied research in terms of purpose and a descriptive correlational survey in terms of method. Cochran's formula was used to determine sample size which was 219 employees. The statistical sample was selected using simple random sampling. A standard questionnaire was distributed among them to answer the questions. Some experts were asked to give their opinion on the face validity of the questionnaire. The reliability of the questionnaire was examined using Cronbach's alpha test. The data were analyzed using linear regression test. The results indicated that management information system affects employees’ performance, decision-making, and reducing time of activities in Tehran Province Water and Wastewater Company in district 5. Friedman test results to rank the impact of management information system on employees’ performance indicated that performance of employees is the first priority in terms of effectiveness.

Power as an institution, governance as structure and spatial organization is considered as an organizational tool in the service of the goals and aspirations of the institutions of power and governance structure. In this framework the spatial organization and geographic environment is a result of social organization (social, economic, political), and its natural and ecological system. Human authoritarianism can be the most fundamental strategies and mechanisms of social-biological will be considered in forming this relationship. This needs to be a strategy used by individuals and organizations, and apply to the exercise of power on the part of the space and its contents. The metropolitan centers are concentration of wealth, power, culture, and management and local, national and global forces. Therefore, special interest of organizations and the power forces to this phenomenon and the desire to intervene in the organization of functional, spatial can be expected in order to use most of the resources and opportunities. Urban society today is filled with many actors who each act according to their interests. Today the spatial function distribution can be considered the most important challenges of metropolitan governance. Thus, the efficiency and effectiveness of metropolitan governance structure depends on the acceptance of functional diversity in the metropolitan area and its reflection in the form of metropolitan governance. The new project of the government - the nation insisted on the unity and similarity more than difference and diversity. The emergence of multiculturalism as a political force is an indication of the failure of city project and future areas must to develop diversity and differences through democratic cultural pluralism. This paper presents an analytical method and aims to answer these questions: Whether it can be constructed such a regional city? What is the basic requirement for this a regional city? It seems principles of social justice (Principles that must fuse with the issues of planning and urban governance), such a difference and discrimination, citizenship, community and civic culture are minimum requirements to create a new system of urban civilization.