درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

With increasing frequency, the developing countries and the people living there are being affected by disasters. More and more often, development efforts are being destroyed. The reason for this trend is their growing vulnerability, which in turn is the result of economic and social development processes, such as the expansion of settlements and agricultural land in risk areas. The economic and social consequences of these disasters for the people in our partner countries last for years. To break and, if possible, reverse this trend, international organizations, governments and NGOs in the developing countries are increasingly upgrading the priority of disaster risk management for policy, and taking concrete preventive measures to reduce the risk to the population. This paper examined the concept of disaster and its management in the light of sustainable development with particular reference to Iran. It enumerated the different human and natural phenomena that could be characterized as disasters. It was discovered that, while hazard and/ or disasters possess anthropogenic origins, their consequences are felt on both human and the physical environments. In all cases, the human tolls have been significant. The paper highlighted the important elements of a typical Disaster Management Information System in Iran. After presenting a typology of disasters in Iran, the paper, advocated for a workable disaster management information system.

The problem which has been the focus of city constructors and architectures since the beginning of citizenship life is the issue of the nature of environmental quality. This study, with a review of explaining paradigms of environmental quality and by reliance on basic works, has assumed the question of nature of environmental quality an interdisciplinary concept (civic construction, sociology, psychology) and is in seek of explaining perceptive quality factors from citizens' perspective. Since the nature of this study is multidimensional and understanding of its different aspects and answering of its relevant questions bounds researcher both to test present theories and to understand mental world of his or her subjects, therefore, synthetic approach has been applied for methodology of it. It should be mentioned that Delphi method has been applied so as to obtain different indices and factors of the study. To determine the unit of sampling, multiple-stage clustering sampling method has been used in a way that between 22 regions of Tehran municipality, based on their development, first 6 regions were selected and in the next stage all the local states of those 6 regions were listed and then six local states were randomly selected. Size of the sample of this study is 200 persons. The results show that most of the perceptive factors derived from qualitative section of the research conform to factors derived from quantitative section and questionnaire. In other words factors derived from qualitative section are the same as those derived from quantitative factors. The significant point to notice in this section is that some of the derived factors from this section couldn’t be categorized by previous theories but rather they belong to the research community of this study (i.e. local states of Tehran). Thus we can state that the total perceptive criteria of environmental quality of these local states are as follows: legibility, place atmosphere, permeability, peace, tranquility, liveliness, sensational rapture, time sense, civil justice, security, human standard, sociability.

The aim of the present study was to explore the relationship between media literacy and social skills among citizens in Isfahan. To this end, a descriptive-correlation methodology was employed. The population under study consisted of all citizens living in Isfahan who were reported to be 1796967 persons in 2013. Using Cochran formula, 384 persons were selected by stratified sampling and were included in the research sample. The instruments used in the study were Karaman’s and Karatash’s (2009) Standard Media Literacy Questionnaire and Standard Social Skills Questionnaire (Oldmeadow et al., 2013). The validity of the questionnaires was confirmed using content validity and factor analysis. The reliability values of Media Literacy Questionnaire and Social Skills Questionnaire were determined by Cronbach’s alpha coefficient and were reported as 0.876 and 0.896, respectively. The results of the study indicated that media literacy with an influence rate of 0.39 affects social skills. Besides, media knowledge (critical thinking) as a component of media literary with an influence rate of 0.37 affects social skills. It was also found that analysis and reaction as a component of media literary with an influence rate of 0.68 affects social skills. The same was the case with judgment and observation of hidden messages as a component of media literary which affects social skills with an influence rate of 0.53. Media literacy with an influence rate of 0.33 was found to affect the expression social skill feelings. Finally, based on the findings of the study concerning the relationship between research variables, some suggestions were offered to improve media literary and social skills of people living in Isfahan.

The aim of designing the education spaces is to providing the required spatial relationships for education processes. It means that the spaces and equipment which are required in every field, how and by the which discipline thy have been arranged to offer the final aim of education in advance, is the achievements of providing the education spaces management. The purpose of study is to evaluate the status of science and technology education spaces in management of providing the space and educational equipment for schools in fundamental evolution document Iran Education. In this survey, the research method is content analysis and it is descriptive in regards to practical purposes and collecting the data. The statically population for this research is the Iran Education Fundamental Evolution Documents, the criteria and standards for designing the educational spaces and documents about the education history. According to the results, evolution in the providing the spaces for educating the science and equipment adaptation with day technological infrastructure are crucial. The recommendation for reviewing the status of educating the science and technology and symmetry of facilities with the need to the space and equipment for educating science and technology in the system of management of providing the space and equipment in compliance with local culture and todays and future technological needs and attention to the extension of garden school model was discussed.

Today's world has been built on the basis of competition and uncertainty, thus the role of facilitators, such as technology and information technology is undeniable. In this research developed Technology Acceptance Model to identify and prioritizing the factors affecting was used on formation of decision and behavior of customers in adoption of Internet banking of Post Bank. The statistical population consisted of all consumers of Post Bank in Tehran. Total of 400 questionnaires was distributed among community members; ultimately 384 usable questionnaires were coded and were entered into SPSS and LISREL software up to use the analysis of data. Results of factor analysis indicated proper fitting of the model and compliance of extracted factors with designed questions and explained variables in the model of the research. At the inferential statistics level also the results of using single sample T-test and ANOVA Friedman tests often were confirmed research hypotheses. Furthermore were showed the ease of application variable has the most influence on Internet banking adoption and next variables had been in order being applied, the security of private information, being pleasure existence of appropriate hardware and familiarity with Internet banking.

Generally, studied villages as regard to the Socioeconomic structure have not considerable development in comparison with their around structure due to functional area. Nowadays, regarding rural development, proceeding with economical analysis of geographical areas has a great position. Considering the applied investigations, upon increasing the knowledge and literacy and scientific and practical skills, tendency for employment in the traditional areas has been decreased and interest for employment in modern and service departments has been increased as you may see in the Iran’s villages. We may say there are new and not discovered opportunities in these areas. Timely discovering and operating these opportunities, and constituting new and competitive businesses and works can provide salient socioeconomic privileges for the villagers. The results of this research indicates that the most proper rural development strategy in the region, environmental development and planning which is the optimum and sufficient pattern towards achieving the rural sustainable development in the region.