درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

It seems that success in municipal wastes management has a detectable relationship with citizens' participation and social mechanisms. So, the present study has done for recognition of systematic relations of effective social parameters on municipal solid waste administration. Data have collected in two phase to fill of questionnaires including awareness assessment of MSW office's personnel of urban 22-district Tehran municipality organization and effective factors on MSW management; Then, social parameters relations effective on MSW via S-LCA in different phases such as temporary storage, gathering, transportation and processing, recycling and proper disposal. Results shown that was got 16 grading (than 20) of municipal waste administration awareness by personnel of MSW office in district that has counted including good grades. Waste management of district municipality has got final grading equal 72 (than 100) that shown have good performance (71-90), but the worst was source separation of waste with grading 24 (than 40) rather than other stages. The most important social factor effective on waste's LCA has were social acceptability that got more final weight (0.49) and among these indices such as noise pollution and private space have more importance. Then, social performance and equality play a same role that social performance in addition to the recycling of start point, destination and job creation, be influenced by social acceptability; Social equality is influenced by distribution and locating index, as well as, quality employment. Average of normal values for indices of each component in different scenarios has shown transfer station scenario has the highest ratio of social acceptability (1.8) and performance (0.7) and caused low amount of social impacts. In other side, landfill scenario (direct way) has the lowest normal value of social equality (0.8). Albeit, due to the weight of social acceptability of first scenario (temporary storage of waste in transfer station and transfer of them to final landfill waste), is desirable, environmentally has advantages than two other scenarios, such as direct job creation, lower fuel consumption and visual pollution prevention.

The aim of designing the education spaces is to providing the required spatial relationships for education processes. It means that the spaces and equipment which are required in every field, how and by the which discipline thy have been arranged to offer the final aim of education in advance, is the achievements of providing the education spaces management. The purpose of study is to evaluate the status of science and technology education spaces in management of providing the space and educational equipment for schools in fundamental evolution document Iran Education. In this survey, the research method is content analysis and it is descriptive in regards to practical purposes and collecting the data. The statically population for this research is the Iran Education Fundamental Evolution Documents, the criteria and standards for designing the educational spaces and documents about the education history. According to the results, evolution in the providing the spaces for educating the science and equipment adaptation with day technological infrastructure are crucial. The recommendation for reviewing the status of educating the science and technology and symmetry of facilities with the need to the space and equipment for educating science and technology in the system of management of providing the space and equipment in compliance with local culture and todays and future technological needs and attention to the extension of garden school model was discussed.