حسن احمدی

Purpose- This research aims to provide a comprehensive and systematic review of the knowledge structure and dominant trends in the literature concerning pro-environmental tourist behavior within rural tourism studies. The study seeks to identify research gaps and map the intellectual landscape of the field for future researchers. Methodology- This study employs a scientometric approach, combining systematic review and bibliometric analysis. A total of 1,020 eligible articles published between 1985 and 2024 were identified through the Scopus database and analyzed using VOSviewer software. Co-authorship, co-citation, and keyword co-occurrence networks were used to analyze the knowledge structure. Findings- The results reveal that China, the United States, Australia, the United Kingdom, and South Korea have the highest publication output in this field. Linnaeus University (Sweden), Sejong University (South Korea), and Lund University (Sweden) are among the most influential institutions. Keyword analysis identified three primary clusters: ecotourism, ecosystem and environmental protection, and tourism economy and market. According to the Theory of Planned Behavior, factors such as attitude, subjective and social norms, perceived behavioral control, and environmental awareness are the most significant predictors of tourists' pro-environmental behavior. Practical Implications- The findings provide valuable insights for destination managers and policymakers in developing effective strategies for sustainable tourism management. The results can serve as a basis for designing behavioral interventions and formulating evidence-based policies to promote responsible behaviors among tourists in rural destinations. Originality/Value- This study contributes to the existing body of knowledge by providing a comprehensive and dynamic map of the knowledge structure and prevailing trends in pro-environmental behavior in rural tourism. By filling the gaps of previous studies, this research identifies novel research opportunities for future scholars.

The principles of passive defense in cities will contribute to the development of sus tainable security in urban areas, and failure to comply with these principles will increase human casualties and economic losses, especially in times of crisis. Improving and correcting urban s tructures can mitigate potential damage incurred during a crisis. The purpose of this s tudy is to compare the concept of Garden City proposed by Howard and Mata's Linear City through the s tandpoint of passive defense with a view of urban s tructure. Data collection was performed using library resources. Each approach's s trengths and weaknesses were inves tigated, including centrality, accessibility, and land use dispersion. The results of the s tudy exhibited that the centrality principle in Mata's Linear City concept is superior to Howard's garden city, while the principles of accessibility and dispersion of land use take priority in Howard's garden city.