بهرنگ اسماعیلی شاد

Purpose: The aim of the current study was to identify the factors affecting female student’s dropout rate in Jargalan section of North Khorasan province. Methodology: fundamental and applied method was employed to cover the goal of this study also descriptive casual comparative was use for data collection. Mixed method (quantitative-qualitative) also was employed through using grounded theory(GT). The statistical population consisted of all female students leaving school in the first semester of the elementary school from 2017 to 2018, which included 200 students. In the qualitative phase, the sampling was saturated with 20 individuals and in the quantitative section, 128 students were selected based on available sampling. Semi-structured interviews and a researcher-made questionnaire based on interviews were used for data collection. The face and content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by experts and the combined reliability was calculated with Cronbach's alpha. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to analyze the research questions. Findings: The results of grounded theory showed that economic, educational, personal beliefs, factors related to specific culture and family factors are the factors that play a role in the dropout rate. The results also showed parental resistance and children's participation in home affairs, financial constraints and bottlenecks, parental literacy, and lack of attention and importance to education of girls as much as boys, were the main causes of girls leaving school. Conclusion: Education is a long-term management tool for human resource education and long-term investment that clarifies the talents and how they contribute to the economic and social growth of societies. And the most important contributor to any society's stagnation and decline is its advancement and progress, and this enormous fertility education and responsibility holds all the talents of the present and future generations of society in expectation and expectation. Provide for growth and development because failure to complete primary education results in numerous individual and societal disadvantages, with dropouts being one of the most important.

In this study, an attempt was made to explain and identify the green curriculum training plan in Iranian education, through qualitative research design and in particular qualitative case study. In this regard, faculty members in the fields of curriculum planning, social sciences, and environment from selected universities - as our study experts - were selected by using a purposeful approach. Leading experts were selected by using the theoretical saturation criterion. The interview was carried out with all the10 members of the study sample. Then, the obtained data were analyzed for the content analysis technique using Nvivo software. The findings were organized in the form of themes. Based on the results, a matrix framework of curriculum elements (purpose, content, teaching method, and evaluation) was formed. 4 organizing themes and 21 basic themes were identified and a network of themes was extracted; thus, the design of a green curriculum for the Iranian education system (as a comprehensive theme) with the following organizing themes in 4 dimensions introduced: objectives, content, teaching methods, and evaluation. Each of the categories has different dimensions in the basic themes of the organized framework, hence as a content plan of the green curriculum in the Iranian education system. Obviously, the findings of this study have provided the possibility of teaching a green curriculum in the Iranian education system in primary schools.

Purpose: The school is one of the most important social and academic institutions and the most important element of education, which is established and administered in accordance with the goals approved by the academic curriculum and the standards and guidelines of the Ministry of Education. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare the degree of academic procrastination and the students’ academic Engagement. Methodology: The research was descriptive in terms of purpose, and applied in terms of methodology. The statistical population consisted of all female students of the sixth grade of rural and urban elementary schools of Bojnourd City; 1164 sixth-grade girls in urban schools and 669 girls in rural elementary schools, according to a report prepared by the Ministry of Education of Bojnourd in the academic year 2017-2018. The stratified sampling method was used to determine the sample size. A sample of 320 urban students and 268 rural students were selected based on Cochran formula at the error level 5%. The instruments for data collection were Solomon & Roth Blum Academic Procrastination Questionnaire (1984), and Academic Engagement Questionnaire of Frederic et al. (2004), which had formal and content validity, and reliability was obtained 0.84 and 0.87, respectively, according to Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Data were analyzed by SPSS-21 software using t-test at the significance level of 0.05. Findings: The results showed that there was a significant difference between the academic procrastination scores of rural and urban students (p <0.05). The mean of urban students' procrastination was greater than that of rural students. There was also a difference between academic Engagement of rural and urban students (p <0.05). Conclusion: About 47 percent of rural students and about 53 percent of urban students had academic procrastination. Also, about 57% of rural students and about 63% of urban students had a high degree of academic Engagement.