مطالب

Le persan et le français appartiennent à la famille linguistique indo-européenne. Ces deux langues relèvent bien entendu de branches différentes, le français est classé dans la branche indo-européenne, comprenant les langues romanes et persanes. Dans toutes les langues, les gens utilisent des proverbes dans leur communication quotidienne. Cela fait partie intégrante de la communication. Généralement, la comparaison des différences et des ressemblances entre les langues occupe un rôle primordial dans la linguistique moderne. Le présent travail étudie les schémas-images dans les proverbes français et persan dans le cadre de l’expression des sentiments et des émotions. Notre problématique peut être résumée sous la forme de la question suivante : Quels schémas-images sont utilisés pour exprimer des sentiments et des émotions dans les proverbes français et persans ? Et lesquels sont les plus courants ? Ce qui est au centre de cette recherche est donc de savoir comment les deux langues expriment des sentiments sous formes des schémas-images. L’analyse des résultats prouve que dans les proverbes des deux langues dans le domaine des émotions et des sentiments, différents types de schémas sont utilisés, et la fréquence la plus élevée est liée aux schémas de force et de mouvement.

This study aimed to compare the effects of Automated Writing Evaluation Feedback (AWEF) and Peer Feedback (PF) on the development of self-regulation in writing among Iranian English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners. The participants consisted of 58 intermediate-level Persian-speaking English learners, aged 25 to 30, enrolled in two intact IELTS preparation classes at a private language institute in Tehran. The learners were assigned into two experimental groups: one group (n = 30) received peer feedback, while the other (n = 28) received automated feedback through ProWritingAid. To assess the impact of these interventions, data were collected using the Writing Strategies for Self-Regulated Learning Questionnaire (WSSRLQ), semi-structured interviews, and classroom observations. Quantitative analysis using independent samples t-tests revealed significant improvements in self-regulation scores for both groups post-intervention, with the AWEF group showing a significantly greater increase. Qualitative analysis of interview and observation data further supported these findings, indicating that AWEF participants engaged in more structured and proactive revision practices, while PF participants developed greater reflective awareness and emotional resilience through collaborative interaction. Triangulated results confirmed that both feedback types positively influenced self-regulated writing behaviors, with AWEF demonstrating a stronger overall impact.

This paper investigates the role of Zen philosophy, as derived from haiku poetry, in the architectural design process. It explores the nature of Zen, its unique perspective on art and literature, and how this perspective is reflected in architectural design processes. The paper also examines how the creation of architectural spaces can be integrated with the poetry and (haiku) influenced by this philosophy. This research seeks to answer the question of how Zen thought can be applied in architectural design through the utilization of haiku poetry. A descriptive-analytical approach, combining inductive and deductive reasoning, is employed. Initially, Zen theories based on haiku are deductively applied to case studies. Subsequently, Zen architectural theories based on haiku are extracted from these case studies. Finally, the results are obtained by combining inductive and deductive methods. This paper aims to introduce haiku, elucidate the role of Zen philosophy in haiku poetry, and explore the influence of Japanese Buddhism on the architectural design process. The result of this research reveal that haiku is the product of immediate, intuitive experience and cannot be evaluated based on conventional poetic criteria. Haiku is a form of enlightenment or illumination, in which the poet perceives the vitality of objects and grasps the meaning of the ordinary and commonplace. Haiku poetry presents viewers with perspectives on nature, humanity, and life. By integrating literary concepts into the architectural design process, haiku can serve as a powerful cultural and artistic medium, fostering audience engagement with literature and cultivating a unique, philosophical understanding of phenomena.

Objective: This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of Olson's marital enrichment training, Lazarus's multimodal therapy, and Islamic approach-based marital skills training on marital satisfaction and conflicts among couples. Methods: The present study is applied in terms of its objective and quasi-experimental with a pretest-posttest design, involving three experimental groups and one control group. The statistical population included couples who referred to psychology centers and clinics in Isfahan during the second half of 2023. Among them, 80 participants (40 couples) with low compatibility and dissatisfaction with marital life were selected using a non-random convenience sampling method. They were then randomly and equally divided into four groups of 20 individuals (10 couples per group). The measurement tools included the Enrich Marital Satisfaction Questionnaire (Fowers & Olson, 1998), the Marital Conflict Questionnaire (Sanaei & Barati, 2008), and the intervention packages for multimodal therapy based on Lazarus's approach, Olson's marital enrichment program, and Islamic approach-based marital skills training (Salarifar, 2021). Each experimental group underwent eight 90-minute training sessions. Findings: The results indicated that all three educational-therapeutic packages were effective in reducing conflicts and increasing marital satisfaction. Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, it is recommended that qualitative research be conducted to identify the factors contributing to marital dissatisfaction and conflicts. Subsequently, any of these three therapeutic and educational approaches can be utilized for more in-depth resolution of couples' issues.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a peer-family connection program in enhancing social belonging and reducing risk behaviors among adolescents. Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted with 30 adolescents aged 13–16 from Hungary, who were randomly assigned to either an intervention group (n = 15) or a control group (n = 15). The intervention group participated in a seven-session, school-based Peer-Family Connection Program designed to improve interpersonal communication, emotional regulation, and relational bonding with peers and caregivers. Sessions were conducted weekly, lasting 45–60 minutes each. Social belonging and risk behavior were measured using validated standardized tools at pre-test, post-test, and five-month follow-up. Data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Bonferroni post-hoc tests in SPSS-27. Findings: Repeated measures ANOVA revealed a significant interaction effect between time and group for both social belonging (F(2, 56) = 17.08, p < .001, η² = .39) and risk behavior (F(2, 56) = 14.57, p < .001, η² = .34), indicating that the intervention group improved significantly over time compared to the control group. Bonferroni post-hoc analysis showed significant improvements in social belonging from pre-test to post-test (p < .001) and from pre-test to follow-up (p < .001), with no significant decline between post-test and follow-up. Similarly, risk behavior significantly decreased from pre-test to post-test (p < .001) and remained reduced at follow-up (p < .001), with no significant difference between post-test and follow-up. Conclusion: The Peer-Family Connection Program demonstrated sustained effectiveness in increasing adolescents’ social belonging and reducing their engagement in risk behaviors. These findings support the integration of relational interventions involving both peers and caregivers as a means to promote healthy adolescent development.

Objective: This study aimed to explore the individual, relational, and contextual factors that shape how parents respond to their children’s negative emotions. Methods and Materials: A qualitative design was employed to capture the lived experiences of parents in managing children’s emotional challenges. Twenty-two parents from Chile participated in semi-structured interviews, focusing on their perceptions, attitudes, and practices when responding to children’s negative emotions such as sadness, anger, and frustration. Participants were recruited through community centers and parenting networks, ensuring diversity in socio-demographic backgrounds. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using thematic analysis with the support of NVivo 14 software. Data collection continued until theoretical saturation was reached. Trustworthiness was ensured through peer debriefing, reflexive memos, and constant comparison during coding. Findings: Analysis revealed four overarching themes. (1) Emotional awareness and regulation in parents highlighted recognition of children’s emotions, self-regulation strategies, empathy, cultural norms in emotional expression, and awareness of emotional contagion. (2) Parenting beliefs and attitudes encompassed views on discipline, developmental understanding, attitudes toward emotional expression, emotion-coaching roles, intergenerational patterns, and moral or religious values. (3) Contextual and social influences included family environment, societal expectations, work–life balance, socioeconomic challenges, peer and social networks, and media exposure. (4) Coping strategies in responding to children’s negative emotions featured immediate reactions, long-term approaches, distraction and redirection, seeking external support, and communication techniques. Illustrative quotations underscored the variability and complexity of parental practices. Conclusion: The findings suggest that parents’ responses to children’s negative emotions are multifaceted, shaped not only by individual self-regulation and beliefs but also by cultural expectations, social contexts, and available coping resources. These insights underscore the need for interventions that support parental emotional awareness, resilience, and communication skills, while addressing contextual stressors to promote more adaptive emotion socialization.

Temporal databases, quickly rising in size, are distinguished by their capacity to maintain the older version of data objects against actions on them, allowing logical deletions. Queries for historical data are particularly costly due to the linear scanning of temporal versions. Temporal data structures like time-split B-Tree or multiversion B-Tree are working underlying the state-of-the-art temporal databases. So far, most efficient temporal data structures are partially persistent or fully persistent, but none of them support retroactive queries. On the other hand, efficient temporal indexing is required to address bulk loading in a real-life application. To the best of our knowledge, there is no efficient solution for bulk loading and updating retroactive index structures. This article seeks to offer a new data structure, the Retroactive B-Tree (RBT), to facilitate retroactive operations in temporal databases as well as bulk loading. It presents theoretical and empirical research and analysis of the suggested data structure and its relevant operations. The experiments were conducted to demonstrate the performance of the proposed retroactive B-Tree in terms of execution time, I/O complexity, space complexity, and bulk loading. The obtained results show that indexing with a buffer is the most powerful model for existing temporal databases for implementing a retroactive B-Tree. The tree of lists architecture is observed as an I/O efficient data structure for all variants of temporal indexing for large databases.