درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Henry Kissinger, a famous American politician and thinker, has played an effective and essential role in the foreign policy of the United States towards Iran after September 11th. He was a realist individual in the field of thought, who is from the political tradition of the United States' pragmatism and followed special methods in the field of international relations. In this research, with the aim of examining the American macro strategy towards Iran based on Kissinger's teachings, we are looking for an answer to the question, what is Kissinger's approach to the issue of Iran in American foreign policy? The hypothesis that was put forward is that Kissinger's approach or Kissingerism regarding Iran is to integrate Iran into the global and regional order by maintaining the distribution of power in the Middle East region, to deal with the growing threats and influence of Iran by creating a network of regional partners to maintain the supremacy and hegemony of America and Israel, to convince Iran to stop exporting the revolution and to behave according to the Westphalian principles and the principle of non-interference in the internal affairs of countries, to induce the consequences of a dangerous nuclear Iran and to adopt effective diplomacy instead of war. Finally, using the descrip-tive-analytical method, we came to the conclusion that there is an important and meaningful rela-tionship between the grand strategy and Kissinger's teachings, in such a way that containment of Iran, disarmament and prevention of a nuclear Iran, returning Iran to the regional and world order, Iranophobic strategy, alliance and coalition building and preventing Iran's regional hegemony are among the important things that can be seen both in Kissinger's approach and in America's macro strategy and in the doctrines of American presidents after September 11th.

Apparently, the most common debate in post-revolutionary Iran is the debate between "Tradition" and "Modernity," which ultimately has manifested in the two fronts of "Traditionalism or Fundamentalism" and "Reformism or Moderation." These two fundamental dichotomies have shown themselves in every crisis and transformation, and political parties and movements in Iran have grown and been able to attract public opinion and create a social base on the basis of this general rift in Iranian society. The present study aims to answer the main question of ‘How the future structuring and configuration of political movements in the Islamic Republic of Iran will be?’ And ‘What scenarios can be envisioned in this regard?’ To this aim, a qualitative document analysis method was used and data collected using the tool of fishing from various sources. Additionally, by employing the scenario-writing method, it delves into examining the future structuring and configuration of political movements in the Islamic Republic of Iran. Hence, three scenarios or configurations in the arrangement of political forces in Iran are conceivable: Continuation of the arrangement and structuring of political movements in the form of fundamentalism and moderation, reinterpretation and reconstruction of the principles and discursive elements of political movements known as fundamentalist and reformist and formation of a new arrangement and configuration.

Iran's transitioning society, in the face of extensive social, cultural, economic and political changes in recent decades, has been exposed to wide differences in terms of values and behavior among the new generations. Such developments require the special attention of policymakers and government macro-planners. The present article is written with the aim of explaining the level of attention of macro policymakers to generational changes in the form of development plans. The theoretical framework of this article is derived from the approach of Bourdieu's theory of generational conflict, based on attention to the unbalanced distribution of power and wealth resources among generations. This research examines the laws of development programs with an institutional approach and examines the extent of the development program's attention to the transfer of values to reduce the generational gap, as well as the attention of development programs to the balanced distribution of resources and facilities to prevent the deepening of the generational gap. . The results of the research show that in both dimensions of transferring values and trying to distribute resources and create social justice, several policy development programs have been formulated and approved.. . ..Key words: generational changes, development plans, generation gap, values.

Since there has been no research on the boundaries and authorities of the Valy-e Faqih in the principle of apostasy prohibition from religion, it is necessary to conduct a study on this matter. Therefore, the present study aimed to clarify the boundaries and authorities of the Islamic ruler in the principle of apostasy prohibition from religion. To this aim a descriptive-analytical method with using library sources was used. The results indicated that the Valy-e Faqih, based on the status and authorities derived from the Prophet (PBUH) and the Imams can temporarily suspend or modify rulings that lead to deviation from religion and aversion to religion, using considerations of time and place. Therefore, rulings that lead to dislike, aversion, and hatred towards religion, weaken and endanger Islam, are considered forbidden and prohibited. For example, in jurisprudence, actions such as not punishing a pregnant woman, changing the punishment of stoning, or making contracts with hostile governments that lead to aversion and dislike among people are considered prohibited and forbidden