درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Objective : The purpose of the present research was to investigate the impact of innovative organizational climate on the job performance of private sector employees, taking into account the mediating role of job motivation and self-efficacy. Methods : A descriptive-correlation approach was employed in the current investigation, utilizing structural equation modeling. The population of the study consisted of 384 employees from the private sector, aged between 21 and 49 years (with a mean age of 35.11±8.17 years), who willingly participated in the present study. The research was conducted in Tehran, Iran, in the year 2023. The participants were selected through a convenience sampling method, adhering to the guidelines outlined by Krejci and Morgan. Standard questionnaires were used for data collection. Pearson correlation test and structural equation modeling were used for data analysis. Results : Results revealed that innovative organizational climate significantly affected job performance (T=6.284). Moreover, innovative organizational climate significantly affected job motivation (T=11.594). Furthermore, innovative organizational climate significantly affected self-efficacy (T=9.509). In addition, job motivation had significantly mediated the relationship between innovative organizational climate and job performance (P<0.001). Finally, self-efficacy had significantly mediated the relationship between innovative organizational climate and job performance (P<0.001). Conclusion: Based on the findings of this research, it is recommended that market holders focus on promoting and enhancing the factors and components that contribute to the innovative organizational climate of private-sector employees. Additionally, greater emphasis should be placed on job motivation and self-efficacy of the private-sector employees. 

Objective: This study aimed to explore how humor functions as a coping mechanism that contributes to marital satisfaction among couples in Slovenia. Methods and Materials: A qualitative design was employed, relying on semi-structured interviews to capture couples’ lived experiences of humor in marriage. Twenty-four participants (12 couples) from Slovenia, married for at least three years, were recruited using purposive sampling. Interviews were conducted until theoretical saturation was achieved, with each session lasting between 60 and 90 minutes. Data were transcribed verbatim and analyzed thematically using NVivo 14 software. Trustworthiness was enhanced through peer debriefing, member checking, and triangulation with field notes. Findings: Four major themes emerged from the data: (1) Humor as an Emotional Buffer, where couples described humor as a strategy for stress relief, emotional recovery, and conflict de-escalation; (2) Humor and Intimacy, highlighting the role of shared jokes, playful teasing, and affectionate humor in strengthening closeness and trust; (3) Humor as a Communication Strategy, with participants explaining how humor allowed them to soften criticism, indirectly express sensitive issues, and repair conflicts; and (4) Humor and Marital Resilience, where humor facilitated coping with external stressors, fostered perspective-taking, and sustained hope during challenges such as illness or financial strain. Couples reported that affiliative and self-enhancing humor styles were most beneficial, while aggressive humor could undermine satisfaction. Humor was also noted as increasingly expressed through digital interactions, including memes and messaging. Conclusion: The findings suggest that humor is a multidimensional coping resource in marriage, functioning simultaneously as an emotional, relational, communicative, and resilience-enhancing tool. While humor generally promotes marital satisfaction, its effects depend on style and context. These insights highlight the importance of constructive humor in maintaining healthy, satisfying, and enduring marital relationships.

Objective: This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of Schema Therapy and Cognitive-Behavioral Couple Therapy (CBCT) in improving communication patterns among couples affected by domestic violence. Methods and Materials: The study employed a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest design with a control group. The statistical population consisted of couples affected by domestic violence who referred to counseling centers in Tehran. A total of 45 participants were selected using simple random sampling and assigned to two experimental groups (Schema Therapy and CBCT) and one control group, each containing 15 participants. Data were collected using the Communication Patterns Questionnaire (Christensen & Salavy, 1984) and analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) and Tukey’s post hoc test with SPSS version 26. Each intervention included 10 weekly sessions tailored to the specific therapeutic model. Findings: The MANCOVA results indicated statistically significant differences between groups in all three communication pattern dimensions: mutual constructive communication (F = 8.043, p < .01), mutual avoidant communication (F = 2.222, p < .05), and demand/withdraw communication (F = 1.068, p < .05). Tukey’s post hoc test revealed that Schema Therapy was significantly more effective than CBCT in improving mutual constructive communication (mean difference = 2.40, p = .006), reducing mutual avoidance (mean difference = 0.13, p = .000), and decreasing demand/withdraw patterns (mean difference = -1.00, p = .000). Conclusion: These findings suggest that Schema Therapy may offer deeper and more sustainable improvements in relational functioning by targeting underlying maladaptive schemas contributing to dysfunctional communication.

Objective: This study aims to explore the impact of spiritual intelligence and family cohesion on youth addiction prevention. Methods: A comprehensive review of the literature was conducted using peer-reviewed journal articles, books, and authoritative reports published between 2000 and 2024. Databases such as PubMed, PsycINFO, Scopus, and Google Scholar were searched using keywords related to spiritual intelligence, family cohesion, and youth addiction. Inclusion criteria focused on studies examining the relationship between these variables and their role in substance abuse prevention among adolescents and young adults. Findings: The review identified several protective mechanisms through which spiritual intelligence contributes to resilience, such as self-awareness, moral integrity, and emotional regulation. Similarly, family cohesion, characterized by effective communication, emotional support, and strong parental bonds, was found to significantly reduce the risk of substance abuse in youth. An interactive effect was observed, where spiritual intelligence and family dynamics together enhanced adolescents’ ability to cope with stress and peer pressure, minimizing the likelihood of engaging in addictive behaviors. Conclusion: Spiritual intelligence and family cohesion are crucial protective factors in preventing youth addiction. Early interventions that focus on fostering spiritual intelligence and strengthening family relationships can effectively reduce addiction risk. The article emphasizes the need for educational programs and community-based initiatives to promote these protective factors from adolescence.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of premarital education based on the Interpersonal Awareness and Choice Method in enhancing marital stability and emotional expressiveness among engaged couples. Methods and Materials: A randomized controlled trial design was used involving 30 participants recruited from premarital counseling centers in Tehran. Participants were randomly assigned to an experimental group (n = 15), which received a ten-session premarital education program, and a control group (n = 15), which received no intervention during the study period. The intervention was delivered in weekly 60-minute group sessions focusing on interpersonal awareness, emotional literacy, and decision-making in romantic relationships. Standardized instruments were used to measure marital stability and emotional expressiveness at three time points: pretest, posttest, and five-month follow-up. Data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA and Bonferroni post-hoc tests in SPSS-27 to assess within-group and between-group differences over time. Findings: Results indicated a significant interaction effect between time and group for marital stability (F(2, 56) = 14.72, p < 0.001, η² = 0.34), with the experimental group showing greater improvements compared to the control group. Similarly, emotional expressiveness demonstrated a significant group-by-time interaction (F(2, 56) = 17.59, p < 0.001, η² = 0.38), with post-hoc comparisons revealing that the experimental group had significantly higher scores at both posttest and follow-up phases. All assumptions for repeated measures ANOVA were confirmed prior to analysis. Conclusion: The findings suggest that premarital education based on the Interpersonal Awareness and Choice Method is an effective intervention for promoting emotional expressiveness and marital stability among engaged individuals. These results highlight the value of incorporating structured emotional and interpersonal training into premarital counseling services to support relationship resilience and long-term satisfaction. Keywords: Premarital education, interpersonal awareness, emotional expressiveness, marital stability.

Objective: This study aimed to explore how adoptive parents construct their identities and meaning of parenthood following experiences of infertility. Methods: This qualitative research employed a narrative methodology to investigate the lived experiences of 31 adoptive parents residing in Austria, all of whom had previously experienced infertility. Participants were recruited through purposive sampling, ensuring diversity in gender, relationship status, and duration since adoption. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, each lasting between 60 and 90 minutes. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using thematic narrative analysis with the assistance of NVivo software. Theoretical saturation guided the cessation of data collection. Data analysis focused on identifying shared themes and patterns in the way participants narrated their transition from infertility to adoptive parenthood. Findings: Three major themes emerged from the data: Redefining Parenthood, Emotional Journey, and Social and Relational Adjustments. Within these categories, participants described subthemes such as letting go of biological ties, reconstructing identity, symbolic rituals, emotional ambivalence, hope and renewal, navigating social stigma, and coping with institutional processes. Participants emphasized the importance of narrative reconstruction, spiritual or moral reframing, and peer support in legitimizing their parental identity. Despite the fulfillment found in adoption, many expressed that emotional residues from infertility persisted, shaping their experience of parenthood in both subtle and explicit ways. Conclusion: The findings highlight that adoptive parenthood after infertility is a complex, emotionally layered, and socially negotiated process. Narrative identity construction plays a vital role in helping individuals reconcile reproductive loss with the joys and challenges of adoption.

Objective: The present study aimed to investigate adolescents’ behavioral patterns when facing family challenges. Methods: For the present research, a qualitative and grounded theory approach was used. The research population consisted of all female adolescents aged 14 to 18 in Tehran who were studying in the academic year 2023. The data were collected and saturated through semi-structured interviews with 17 adolescents selected via purposive and snowball sampling. Results: The results extracted the 53 open codes, 11 axial codes, and 5 selective codes from interviews with participants. The findings showed that “extreme parental concerns,” “ideological disagreement,” and “the imposition of strict restrictions” were the main family challenges experienced by adolescents. Moreover, efficient and inefficient coping strategies were the most frequent strategies adopted by adolescents when facing family challenges. Finally, intrapersonal and interpersonal consequences were the main consequences of adolescents’ behavioral patterns in facing family challenges. Conclusion: Knowing the behavioral patterns of teenagers when facing family challenges can help provide family counseling services and raise awareness of the developmental characteristics of teenagers.

Objective: Financial anxiety can affect the lives of many people, but in the literature, especially in Iran, it has not received much attention. The aim of this study was to determine the mediating role of financial anxiety in the relationship between coping strategies and marital stress. Methods:  The statistical population of the study is married people in Isfahan city. The Research method was correlation-path analysis. By convenience sampling method, 200 people were selected and completed the Financial Anxiety Questionnaire (FAQ), Coping Strategies Questionnaire (CISS), and Marital Stress Scale (MSS). Amos-24 software was used for the final evaluation of the model. Results: Findings showed that problem-focused coping strategy and emotion-focused coping strategy indirectly affect marital stress through financial anxiety in married people. The normalized chi-square index is 1.34, the root of the mean squared error (RMSEA) is 0.04, and CFI = 0.99, TLI = 0.96, GFI = 0.99, and NFI = 0.98. Then it can be claimed that the model has a good fit. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, it can be said that the coping strategies that people use to deal with stressful situations affect their financial anxiety and, subsequently, their marital stress.

This study aimed to determine the mediating role of ambiguity intolerance and worry in the relationship between resilience and fatigue compassion in nurses. The research method employed a descriptive-correlational design, and the statistical population of this study consisted of all nurses working in hospitals in Tehran Province in 2024. A convenience sampling method was used to select 220 nurses from this population. The study tools were included Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (2003), the Compassion Fatigue Inventory by Saberi et al. (2017), Penn State Worry Questionnaire by Meyer et al. (1990), and the Ambiguity Tolerance Scale-II by McLain (2009). Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the data. The results showed that worry mediates the relationship between resilience and fatigue compassion negatively and significantly (β=-0.096, P=0.001). Ambiguity intolerance mediates the relationship between resilience and fatigue compassion negatively and significantly (β=-0.050, P=0.029). Based on the results of the present study, it seems that the lack of resilience among nurses in ambiguous and worrying situations causes burnout and fatigue compassion.

  Objective: Feeding and eating disorders, a relatively common psychiatric disorder primarily observed in late adolescence and young adulthood, are characterized by abnormal eating patterns and cognitive distortions related to food and weight. Feeding and eating disorders are one of the most critical issues that individuals, especially youth and adolescents, grapple with today. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between body image satisfaction and feeding and eating problems in female students at Islamic Azad University, Lahijan Branch. Methods: This study employed a descriptive correlational design. The population of the study consisted of female students at Islamic Azad University, Lahijan Branch, during the academic year 2023-2024, from whom 348 were selected using convenience sampling. Research data were collected using the Eating Attitude Test (EAT-26) and the Satisfaction with Body-Image (SWBI) Questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using Pearson's correlation coefficient and SPSS version 27 software at a significance level of 0.05. Results: The results showed a negative relationship between body image satisfaction and feeding and eating problems (r = -0.72, P < 0.01). Conclusion: Based on the findings, it can be concluded that body image satisfaction leads to a reduction in feeding and eating problems.