درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Nowadays, with advanced technology and information, the attention to national and religious culture and ritual has faded, so the lack of collective cultural-ritual spaces based on the correct principles of architectural wisdom is considered as a problem in today's world of speed and technology. The goals of the research are to improve sociability through the analytical analysis of Iran's historical buildings in order to read the effective components in the architecture of collective-ritual spaces based on the wisdom of Islamic art and architecture. The research method is in the form of case studies and logical reasoning and analysis of the content of fundamental principles and concepts, which in the case examples of social arenas from the perspective of the teachings of architectural wisdom in which national and religious rituals are held and a comparative study The factors of each were done in the form of tables; In the following, by adapting the arguments and relational analyzes of anthropological and epistemological discussion in the results of the research, it was shown that the fundamental principles and concepts in architectural wisdom are the result of focusing on rules and precise theorizing and are formed according to the culture of the people. And on the basis of basic needs assessments, it reduces discussions involving duality and difference of opinion. In addition to the semantic dimensions, components with physical-spatial aspects were extracted in an understandable way for the users, whose strategy and solutions will lead the way in improving the sociability of collective-ritual spaces.

The Liār-Sang-Bon cemetery is located in Amlash City in Gilan province. During the field research, more than 100  pit graves, catacombs, and jar burials were identified at the cemetery. Some of these graves contained various types of ornaments. The questions which are raised in the current research are as follows: Considering the comparison of the ornaments of the Liār-Sang-Bon cemetery with similar sites, what time frame can be suggested for these data? Based on the discovered decorations, what exchanges did this area have with the surrounding areas? What is the relationship between the use of jewellery and the gender of the deceased in the tombs of Liār-Sang-Bon? It is suggested that the typology and classification of cultural finds obtained from this site and their comparison with other Iranian cultural sites, especially from the first century BC to the fourth century AD, can help us in dating the graves. 

Amlash is one of the most important parts of Guilan Province in northern Iran. It has endured unending political and military turmoil due to its special geopolitical and geostrategic position, during the early and middle Islamic eras. The establishment of numerous castles in the area is one of the manifestations of this state of affairs during that period. This study, based on library and field study, is aimed at analyzing the factors that might have led to the formation of the castles. The library studies included a review of literature on military castles and fortresses for an analysis of the factors that might have contributed to the castles in the Amlash region. The field studies included direct observation of the locating, photographic imaging, and numerical measurement and topographical features of those castles.