درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

The human development index is a combined index for measuring the basic dimension of life, which is to have access to required facilities to gain knowledge, taking benefit of a long-time and healthy life and achievement to standard living level. The main objective of this study is to identify the economic factors affecting the growth of academic population in open and distance universities of Iran. The method applied in this study was documentary-analytical method and time series and ordinary least square (OLS) regression model were also used. Statistical population in this study consists of 500 PNU (Payame Noor University) centers. The data of the statistical population included number of applicants of BA of academic year 2001-2014 in PNU and the reliability of independent variables was confirmed using Dickey Fuller Test. Effective variables for distance education were firstly derived using Delphi method. The results obtained from this study show that total Customer Price Index (CPI), earning per master's degree, scholarship and student loan, Gross National Production (GNP),average household income, agriculture field tuition, human science tuition and national income have had positive effect on number of PNU applicants.

The purpose of the present study was to examine the effect of observational expert and beginner model on learning basketball free throw skill in those with different levels of imagination capability. For this purpose, 30 students with high imagination capability and 30 students with low imagination capability were selected among volunteered students and divided into 6 groups. The free throw accuracy and model were measured with 10 throws at the pre and post-test stages. At the exercise stage, the participants also performed 240 throws based on the specific protocol of the group. The experimental groups watched the video of the Expert or beginner model at the beginning of each exercise block while the control group did not watch any kind of video. The results of multivariate covariance analysis showed that the accuracy and the model of throws in different groups were significantly different. Those with high imagination capability benefit more from observational learning and learned better than those with low imagination capability. Also, those with high imagination capability significantly benefit from Expert model observation. The results of this research show that in addition to the characteristics of the observed model, which can have a great impact on observational learning, the observers’ characteristics are also very influential in this. One of these effective characteristics was the individual's imagination ability; people with lower abilities were more likely to encounter problems with the use of observational learning. Therefore, developing of individual's imagination ability is necessary for this type of learning.